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Biomedical subjects

J Foster

Publications and source records attributed to J Foster.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Intraoperative ultrasound of the liver. An important adjunctive tool for decision making in the operating room.

Forty-nine patients operated on for liver or other pathologic processes were examined intraoperatively with special ultrasound transducers during surgical exploration of the abdomen. Subjects were evaluated because of known or suspected disease of the liver. All patients were examined using sterile technique. Prospective diagnosis and retrospective analysis of data were used. In 55% of subjects, no new information was obtained. In 19%, new information was gathered that changed the surgical approach. In 14% of patients, new information was obtained but it was such that no change in the therapeutic approach was needed. In 12% of patients, although no new information was gathered by the use of intraoperative ultrasound, a change in the surgical approach and management of the patient was still possible because of intraoperative ultrasound. These studies show that the routine use of ultrasound during intraoperative procedures, particularly when involving hepatic structures, is a clinically useful technique. In many instances, it will change the course of management.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Field evaluation of the oxfendazole pulse release bolus for the chemoprophylaxis of bovine parasitic gastroenteritis: a comparison with three other control strategies.

Three trials were conducted in southern England involving 120 autumn-born calves to evaluate the ability of an oxfendazole pulse-release intraruminal device (OPRB) to control parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE). Matched groups were set-stocked on adjacent paddocks. One group received an OPRB at turn-out; one was treated with an alternative chemoprophylactic programme; while the third acted as an untreated control. In each trial clinical PGE occurred in the latter group but not in OPRB or alternative strategy groups. The OPRB, the morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) and fenbendazole administered at 3 and 6 weeks after turn-out gave similar weight-gain benefits when compared with untreated controls (P less than 0.01), but the growth rate of animals given regular levamisole treatments from July to housing was significantly poorer than the matching OPRB group (P less than 0.05) although better than controls. Faecal egg-output of OPRB calves was reduced by 97.0-99.9% compared with 95.5 and 58.9% for MSRB and fenbendazole treatments. Consequently, the late summer/autumn peaks in pasture larval counts were considerably reduced in all treatment groups other than the late-season levamisole strategy which reduced overall egg-output by only 37.6%. Serum pepsinogen and gastrin values confirmed a greater degree of abomasal disturbance in calves grazing on the more highly contaminated pastures. Incidental lungworm infections became clinically apparent in the control groups of two trials but not in any OPRB or alternative treatment group.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in homosexual men.

Chlamydial cell culture isolation rates from 51 unselected homosexual men were 9.3% from the urethra, 4.3% (pharynx), and 6.5% (rectum). All the positive cultures showed extremely few inclusions. Direct immunofluorescence with the Microtrak reagent (Syva) was an acceptable alternative technique for non-genital sites, whereas the infectious disease enzyme immunoassay (IDEIA) (Boots-Celltech) was unsuitable.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1987

Interactions between chemoprophylaxis and immunity to bovine parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis: pilot studies using an oxfendazole pulse release bolus.

In separate experiments, the immune status of six matched pairs of yearling heifers from a field trial in which both parasitic gastroenteritis and husk had occurred in control animals, was tested with a single massive challenge of either Dictyocaulus viviparus or Ostertagia ostertagi. The clinical responses of untreated controls and animals that had carried an oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal device (OPRB) were in all cases similar (with the exception of one lung-worm-challenged control that succumbed to a fulminating pulmonary hypersensitivity reaction), indicating that both groups possessed comparable degrees of protection. Faecal larval/egg-output data and serum gastrin levels, however, suggested that larger worm populations had established in the OPRB cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Recalcitrant pancreatitis: eventual control by antioxidants.

A woman, 61 years of age at her first attack of pancreatitis, had further attacks every few months during the next two years despite cholecystectomy for gall stones, and pancreato-duodenectomy for pancreas divisum and duodenal diverticulum. Since starting treatment with antioxidants, she has been free of attacks for two years.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1987

Functional oncocytoma of the kidney: evaluation by dual tracer scintigraphy.

We report a case of renal oncocytoma with a unique scintigraphic pattern. The tumor showed strong avidity for [123I]iodohippurate, but no affinity for [99mTc] glucoheptonate. We offer an explanation for such exceptional scintigraphic finding, which may potentially enable us to make a pre-operative diagnosis of renal oncocytoma in the future.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Calcaneal bone density reduction in patients with restricted mobility.

This cross-sectional study revealed a prevalence of reduced calcaneal bone density in a population of 49 chronic continuing care patients with restricted mobility. Calcaneal bone density was measured using the Compton gamma ray scattering technique, which permits examination of trabecular bone. Predicted densities were determined from the ages and weights of the subjects. Descriptive factors such as gender, diagnosis, duration of the condition, and muscle tone were correlated with bone density. Twenty-eight patients (57%) had indications of reduced calcaneal bone density. None of the descriptive factors was associated with the variability in bone density ratio (forward stepwise regression analysis, p = NS). The reduced calcaneal density found in these patients with restricted mobility is probably a result of their not bearing weight and the inevitable severe reduction in their physical activity.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement by sodium salicylate of the blood glucose lowering effect of chlorpropamide-drug interaction or summation of similar effects?

The ability of sodium salicylate (3 g) to enhance the blood glucose lowering action of chlorpropamide (200 mg) has been confirmed in healthy male volunteers who received an oral test dose of 50 g glucose. Salicylate raised the plasma concentration of insulin and lowered that of cortisol but did not alter the concentration of chlorpropamide. The area under the blood glucose concentration-time curve was used as the measure of drug response and the significance of drug effects was assessed by analysis of variance. In one study on five volunteers the effect of combining salicylate and chlorpropamide was additive. In a second study on six volunteers 200 mg chlorpropamide, 3 g sodium salicylate and 100 mg chlorpropamide + 1.5 g salicylate were equi-effective. The enhancement of chlorpropamide action by salicylate in this single dose study is consistent with the summation of similar effects. It is not necessary to postulate an interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Public health and AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

AIDS and politics.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

The effects of strenuous maternal exercise during gestation on maternal body components in rats.

The effects of strenuous maternal exercise throughout gestation on the maternal rat were examined. The results indicated that maternal exercise of this nature (30 metres/minute, 10 degree incline, 120 minutes/day, 5 days/week) caused a significant decrease in the amount of weight gained by the running maternal rats when compared to controls. By analysing the maternal rat and various bodily components after parturition, it was suggested that subcutaneous tissue growth (fat deposits and mammary gland tissue) was significantly less in the running group. The carcass remainder component was also found to weigh less in the running group, even though the maternal running rats had just given birth to an equivalent (not significantly different) number of neonates of similar (not significantly different) weight to the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of duration of lidocaine infusion and route of cimetidine administration on lidocaine pharmacokinetics.

The effects of the duration of lidocaine infusion and the route of cimetidine administration on lidocaine pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a randomized, three-phase crossover study of six healthy men. Lidocaine hydrochloride 100 mg was administered intravenously over two minutes, and plasma lidocaine concentrations were determined before treatment and at various intervals for three hours. Immediately after the three-hour sample was obtained, a second 100-mg dose of lidocaine hydrochloride was given, followed by a 21-hour constant infusion at a rate of 2 mg/min. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were determined at various intervals during the infusion and for eight hours afterward. Urine was collected during the last five hours of the infusion and assayed for lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), and glycinexylidide (GX). The following treatments were administered to each subject in a crossover manner: a placebo tablet every six hours, beginning two days before lidocaine administration; cimetidine 300 mg orally every six hours, beginning two days before lidocaine administration; and cimetidine hydrochloride 300 mg i.v. every six hours, beginning one hour before lidocaine administration. Each medication was given until the lidocaine infusion was discontinued. Subjects fasted and remained supine throughout each treatment period. Oral cimetidine increased the area under the concentration-time curve for lidocaine by 14.7% and increased the elimination half-life of lidocaine; i.v. cimetidine did not have a significant effect on lidocaine disposition. Lidocaine clearance was 34% lower under steady-state than single-dose conditions, but the effects of cimetidine on lidocaine disposition were similar under both conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Right-to-left shunting after lobectomy through a patent foramen ovale.

Hypoxia and dyspnea after lung resection may be caused by a variety of factors. One entity that has been rarely described is right-to-left shunting across an interatrial communication in the absence of elevated right-sided pressures. We describe the occurrence of clinically evident right-to-left shunting after lobectomy in a patient with a patent foramen ovale and suggest that two-dimensional contrast echocardiography is a useful and minimally invasive means of diagnosing what may be a more common entity than was previously recognized.

Adult↗