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Biomedical subjects

J Fournet

Publications and source records attributed to J Fournet.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Effects of propantheline on the motor activity of the normal human esophagus].

The aim of this study was to examine the action of orally administrated propantheline bromide, an anticholinergic agent, on esophageal motor function. To evaluate these effects a double blind randomized study was carried out in ten normal volunteers. An optimal effective dose for each subject was determined according to the Sun and Shay method. Esophageal motor activity following dry and wet swallow was markedly altered by propantheline. This drug: a) dramatically lowered the peristaltic wave amplitude in the smooth muscle part of the esophagus (P less than 0.001); b) decreased the wave velocity in the proximal part of the smooth muscle (P less than 0.05), and c) increased the frequency of both the non peristaltic and repetitive waves (P less than 0.001). On the other hand propantheline weakly but significantly diminished the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that: a) the peristaltic function of the human esophageal smooth muscle is greatly dependent on muscarinic neurotransmission, and b) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux, orally as well as parenterally administrated anticholinergic agents are contraindicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Modulation of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in the opossum.

The relationship of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and sphincter pressure was studied in the basal state and after neurohumoral stimulation in the anesthetized opossum. LES relaxation was induced by electrical vagal stimulation, balloon distension, and swallowing, whereas LES pressure was increased by infusions of gastrin I, histamine, phenylephrine, or bethanechol. Each agent was selected to give an approximately twofold increase in LES pressure, at the highest dosage. The lower dosage gave a submaximal increase in LES pressure. Neither gastrin nor histamine modified sphincter relaxation as induced by vagal stimulation, esophageal distension, or swallowing. Phenylephrine or bethanechol made the LES less sensitive to vagal stimulation or esophageal distension without reducing maximal LES relaxation. Only bethanechol significantly decreased sphincter relaxation in response to swallowing (P less than 0.05). The results of this study suggest that LES relaxation is not a fixed response simply dependent on the inhibitory stimulus or the resting tonic level of LES pressure, but may be modulated by both alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sympathetic control of lower esophageal sphincter function in the cat. Action of direct cervical and splanchnic nerve stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct stimulation of the sympathetic nerves on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in the anesthetized cat. Neither unilateral nor bilateral cervical sympathectomy, or splanchnicectomy significantly modified basal LES pressure in animals with intact vagi, or animals having undergone bilateral cervical vagotomy. Electrical stimulation of the cut, peripheral, cervical sympathetic trunk increased mean arterial blood pressure, but had no effect on LES pressure or LES relaxation as induced by vagal stimulation. Stimulation of the central end of the cervical sympathetic trunk had no effect on LES pressure. Stimulation of the central end of the cut splanchnic nerve produced a decrease in LES pressure with a maximal response of 69.1+/-16.0% (mean+/-SEM). This inhibitory response was not modified by either propranolol or bilateral cervical vagotomy. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut, greater splanchnic nerve gave an increase in LES pressure with a maximal response of 38.2+/-7.19 mm Hg. Guanethidine, in the presence or absence of the adrenal glands, significantly augmented this excitatory response. This response was also slightly increased by phentolamine alone at 10 V, 1 Hz, but was not altered by propranolol. The excitatory response was completely antagonized by atropine or by trimethaphan camsylate. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the splanchnic nerve inhibited LES relaxation as induced by vagal stimulation. The results of this study suggest that: (a) the LES in the cat is not affected by either central or peripheral stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk; (b) the central portion of the splanchnic nerve carries an afferent inhibitory response to the LES through yet unknown pathways; (c) the peripheral splanchnic nerve carries an atropine-sensitive excitatory response to the LES; and (d) the splanchnic nerves may modulate LES relaxation as induced by vagal stimulation.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1978

Increase in amylase clearance in relation to creatinin clearance during acute pancreatitis.

Renal amylase clearance in relation to creatinin clearance (Cam/Ccr) was determined for 20 patients suffering from acute pancreatitis (AP). For each of them, the diagnosis rested upon operative or laparoscopic observation of characteristic anatomical or histological lesions. The average clearance relationship in these patients reached 16 +/- SEM 3.8%. These results were significantly higher than those obtained from 132 patients who had been hospitalized for other medical or surgical diseases, as well as from 51 test patients (p less than 0.001). The authors stressed the diagnostic importance of this test, in particular in the presence of a normal amylasemia level.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Action of norepinephrine on the serum gastrin level.

The authors have studied the influence of endogenous norepinephrine released during exercise on the level of serum gastrin. After a period of absolute rest, 10 volunteers in good health underwent a prolonged graded exercise corresponding to 60, then 80% of the maximum theoretical heart-beat frequency. Only norepinephrine was significantly high during the course of the second phase of muscular activity. No significant change in serum gastrin was observed during the entire test.

Gastrins↗