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Biomedical subjects

J Frame

Publications and source records attributed to J Frame.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Participation of UK dentists in continuing professional development.

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports participation of dentists in continuing professional development (CPD) and factors affecting participation. METHOD: All general dental practitioners (GDPs) in three deaneries in England were surveyed. The overall response rate was 54% (n = 2082); by deanery it was 68% West Midlands, 45% South West and 44% Anglia. Findings across deaneries were remarkably similar. Comparisons with national data show no notable bias in the sample for gender, owners/partners and age/experience. RESULTS: Most frequent forms of CPD were journal reading and courses in which almost all engaged. A score based on individual participation in CPD over the 12-month period was calculated. The mean score (hours) for participation in verifiable CPD was 31 (median 25) and for general, 29 (median 29). In terms of the GDC's Lifelong Learning Scheme, 57% were already undertaking 50 hours. Net of other effects, those less likely to be doing 50 hours are those with more years in practice and single-handed practitioners. Greater access to courses and media-based CPD is desired. CONCLUSION: Certain groups of dentists will need support to meet the requirements of the GDC's Lifelong Learning Scheme. Statutory peer review or clinical audit will significantly alter the CPD profile of most dentists. This has implications for facilitators.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Effective dose in paediatric computed tomography.

There is limited data currently available for making dose and risk assessments for paediatric patients undergoing computed tomographic examination. A method has been developed to correlate the risk-related quantity, effective dose, to the more simply derived quantity dose-length product. This involved scanning a series of paediatric anthropomorphic phantoms containing thermoluminescent dosimeters to measure effective dose for scans of various anatomic regions. The quantity effective dose per dose-length product was calculated and plotted as a function of patient size. This showed a simple exponential relationship, and equations of fit were derived to enable the calculation of effective dose for a patient of any size. Measurements carried out on a second scanner and for alternative scan volumes indicated that the method could be generally utilized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

XML for immediate discharge letters in Scotland.

This paper describes the results of the first UK project to send and receive discharge letters using XML as a message format for clinical data. The SIGN guideline for immediate discharge has broad clinical acceptance across Scotland and forms the basis for the discharge message content. NHS net as a secure private network and X400 as a secure e-mail message format is intended for the final production systems. Internet mail was used for validating. The Scottish Immediate Discharge Project has the advantage of transferring readable clinical information between computer system and giving the receiving GP choice of decoding and saving clinical and administrative data into his practice system. The design of the Document Type Definition was built using the established standard for XML version 1.0. A number of existing discharge letter systems and a variety of written letters were studied. Existing trial standards, including the EDIFACT and CEN standards were taken into consideration. The project worked with the receiving GP system supplier, GPASS, and the NHSiS Information and Statistics Division in defining the DTD for the pilot. GPASS undertook production of a module for their system to parse the XML message into the patient record on the GP system. The system allows the GP to read and print the original document and modify the content prior to storing in the practice system. Care was taken to avoid sending real patient information for the pilot project. SMTP email messages were used rather than X400 because NHS net was not yet implemented at the pilot hospital sites. Resulting messages were parsed into the GP system and validated by a variety of GP users.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

The efficacy of a novel adenosine agonist (WAG 994) in postoperative dental pain.

AIMS: To determine the comparative efficacy of a new novel adenosine agonist (WAG 994) in postoperative pain after third molar surgery. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two patients with postoperative pain after third molar surgery were randomised in a placebo double-blind trial with an active control group. In the early postoperative period patients received either a single dose of WAG 994 1 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg or matched placebos. Pain intensity score was recorded on serial visual analogue scales over a 6 h investigation period. Similarly, pain relief was completed on a 4 point categorical scale at each evaluation point. Patients had access to escape analgesic and if these were taken, the time and dosage were recorded. A sparse sampling technique was used to investigate the relationship between analgesic effects and plasma concentrations of WAG 994. RESULTS: All three treatment groups were matched for various demographic variables. For all efficacy measures, WAG 994 was not significantly different from placebo (P >0.05), whereas ibuprofen 400 mg was significantly superior to placebo (P<0.001). No significant relationships (P<0.05) were found between WAG 994 pharmacokinetic variables and efficacy measures. Conclusion WAG 994, an adenosine agonist, did not show efficacy in the management of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Although this pain responds well to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it appears to be resistant to compounds that interact with purinergic receptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1998

The comparative efficacy of aceclofenac and ibuprofen in postoperative pain after third molar surgery.

The aim of the present placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of single doses of aceclofenac 150 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg in 217 patients with postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Outcome of primary efficacy was judged by overall assessment of the area under the curve (AUC) of graphs for pain intensity (AUC pain) pain relief (AUC relief), both measured from serial visual analogue scales over a 6 h investigation period. Other measures of efficacy included the rate of pain reduction in the first hour, the number of patients who took 'escape' analgesics and the time before they did, and an overall assessment of pain relief score on a five-point categorical scale. Ibuprofen 400 mg was significantly superior to placebo for pain relief (P < 0.01), degree of pain reduction in the first hour (P = 0.005), and the number of patients who required escape analgesia (P < 0.001), and the time before they did (P < 0.001). The outcome for patients treated with aceclofenac 150 mg was not significantly different from that of patients treated with placebo (P > 0.05). A single dose of ibuprofen 400 mg provided significant pain relief in the early postoperative period after third molar surgery, whereas a single dose of aceclofenac 150 mg was not effective in the management of postoperative pain after this operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular entrapment of small molecules within the interior of horse spleen ferritin.

A procedure for trapping small molecules inside the interior of horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) and methods for characterizing HoSF and its small entrapped molecules are described. HoSF is first dissociated into subunits by adjustment to pH 2 in the presence of the small molecules to be trapped. The pH of the dissociated HoSF is then increased to 7 at which time the dissociated subunits reassemble reforming the 24-mer HoSF, thereby trapping solvent within its interior. HoSF is then separated from unbound molecules by dialysis, ultrafiltration, and/or ammonium sulfate precipitation. Sephadex G-25 and DEAE chromatographic methods were also used to separate HoSF from unbound small molecules. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to demonstrate the association of small molecules with HoSF after the pH-induced unfolding-refolding process. The pH indicator neutral red was clearly associated with HoSF and presumed trapped within the ferritin interior. Acid/base titrations suggested that the trapped indicator had a different pKa than the free indicator, a result which indicates that the ferritin interior is different than the external solution. The utility of using trapped molecules for gaining information on ferritin function is proposed and discussed.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1990

Demographics of headache in elderly patients.

This study seeks to define the types of headache and the sex and age distribution, of headache patients aged 65 and older. A computer search was performed of outpatients with a diagnosis of headache or temporal arteritis seen during 1988 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Of over 120,000 outpatients treated at the clinic 9,950 had a diagnosis of headache; of these, 359 were 65 or older. We found that, compared with younger patients, older headache patients had more tension headache and less migraine headache. In our population, temporal arteritis occurred with the same frequency as migraine, and in patients with a similar demographic profile.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A phase II trial of streptozotocin and adriamycin in advanced APUD tumors.

Thirty-three patients with advanced carcinoid tumors, islet cell carcinomas, or medullary carcinomas of the thyroid were entered into a phase II trial combining streptozotocin (STZ) and Adriamycin. Thirty-one patients are evaluable for response, and 29 are evaluable for survival. Six (19%) patients achieved objective partial responses (95% confidence limits: 5.4-33). The median duration of response for partial responders was 282 days. The median survival for responders and nonresponders was 16.2 months and 7.8 months, respectively, with an overall median survival of 10.9 months. At 10.9 months median follow-up, 4 (14%) of 29 patients are surviving. Toxicity was mild, except that nausea or vomiting occurred in 25 of 31 patients evaluable for toxicity. With this dose and schedule of administration, STZ and Adriamycin produce modest response rates with objective palliation of disease in patients with advanced amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) tumors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗