Biomedical subjects

J Freiwald

Publications and source records attributed to J Freiwald.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Current concepts in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of the shoulder in overhead athletes].

The purpose of this paper is to present the general guidelines, including implementation of principles of motor learning in the course of the rehabilitation of the shoulder in overhead athletes. The focus is on treating the most common injury pattern of overhead athletes being rotator cuff pathology with secondary bursitis and finally microtraumatic instability. Specific criteria are discussed to determine when the athlete can return to unrestricted sport participation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Differences in hamstring muscle stretching of elite field hockey players and normal subjects.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate differences in stretching behaviour of hamstring muscles in elite field hockey players and normal subjects. METHODS: 16 normal healthy subjects (group A) and 16 elite field hockey players (group B). Stretching of the hamstrings was performed with a knee extension device. Two successive single stretches (1 and 2) until the maximum stretch tolerance was achieved were applied to each subject twice. Simultaneously range of movement (ROM), passive resistance to stretch (PRS) at 36 degrees ROM, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were recorded. RESULTS: ROM (p=0.02 for stretch 1; p=0.04 for stretch 2) and PRS (p=0.04 and p=0.03) were significantly higher in group B, as compared to group A. The EMG activity of the biceps femoris (p=0.02 for stretch 1; p=0.3 for stretch 2) and semitendinosus (p=0.03 and p=0.11) were significantly higher in group B only for stretch 1. From stretch 1 to 2, a significant increase in ROM was observed in both group A (p=0.002) and group B (p=0.0003), as well as a significant decrease of PRS (p=0.0002; p=0.002). EMG activity only showed a significant decrease in group B (biceps p=0.03;semitendinosus p=0.01), but not in group A (p=0.6; p=0.06). The EMG activity sets in when the subjects begin to perceptive pain in the stretched muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences exist. in the stretching behaviour of elite field hockey players and non-athletes. ROM, PRS and EMG activity are higher in athletes. Implications for treatment should be considered, but recommendations cannot be made on the basis of this study yet.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].

The "Frankfurt rehabilitation regimen" following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is presented. ACL rehabilitation is discussed in the light of knowledge on knee biomechanics and proprioception as well as clinical results of reconstruction. Special emphasis is given to exercise therapy.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗

PubMed1998

[Stretching--do current explanatory models suffice?].

The opinion that mobility in the usual performance if the "straight leg raise" test for the evaluation of stretching techniques is subject to solety muscular limitations is critically appraised. With integration of recent results from molecular biological research and our own measurements, we can show that not only mechanical but also neurophysiological factors must be considered in the limitation of mobility. In the majority of the examined patients stretching of the ischiadic nerve seems to be responsible for restrictions in movement. The presented results cast doubt on the currently held assumptions and basic principles of stretching in therapy and sport.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Stretching--possibilities and limits].

The basic scientific knowledge about stretching remains incomplete in spite of its wide use in sports and physiotherapy. This article deals with the assessment of the flexibility and with the anatomical and physiological basis and limitations of stretching. The effects of stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), performance and regeneration are discussed. Recommendations are given for stretching as a measure of warming-up and cooling-down, for stretching before exercises, which demand explosive maximum muscle strength, and for stretching after training for strength endurance.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

[Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports].

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Electromyography-controlled muscle rehabilitation--knee injuries].

Surface is a noninvasive, mostly nonreactive, objective measuring procedure for evaluation of the degree of muscle activation. It allows for accurate assessments of the neuromuscular system and description of adaptations resulting from injury. Decreases in torque, EMG amplitude and EMG frequency occur as a result of knee joint injuries. Efficiency checks and evaluations of training programs and neuromuscular treatment can be done. Decreases in torque, EMG amplitude and EMG frequency found after knee joint injury (cruciate ligament, meniscus) are due to intraarticular and periarticular afferent processes. 12 weeks postoperatively, the neuromuscular deficits from cruciate ligament injury have increased. While complete recovery can be achieved following meniscus fixation (more than 1 year postoperatively), cruciate ligament injuries lead to chronically reduced EMG median frequencies.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMed1997

[The nerve supply of the knee joint].

The paper presents the present state of research on the most important receptors of joints and muscles with regard to occurrence, structure, and function. Proprioception relies on the nervous supply of the tissues in the knee joint, and on the surrounding muscles and tendons; it is the basis of coordination.

Afferent Pathways↗

PubMed1997

[Indications and surgical procedures in meniscus and capsular ligament injuries].

The main aim in the treatment of meniscus injuries is the restoration of the meniscus by a primary suture. Partial resections of the meniscus should be done in a sophisticated arthroscopic technique. By the reason of relaxing of the joint's ligament should be repaired by operation. In spite of a larger "defect" bone-tendon-bone techniques are to prefer because of an improved long-term stability.

Arthroscopes↗

PubMed1997

[Therapeutic physical training after knee injuries].

Exercise training is a therapy that accompanies and follows physiotherapy. Basic training principles are discussed on the basis of motricity research. Initially, exercise therapy mostly trains patients to recall and standardize the execution of exercise programs. With the patient's increasing power of endurance, the intensity of extent of training are increased. Exercise therapy eventually aims at particularly preparing the patient for the activities of daily living and the sportsman for the requirements specific to training and competition.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1997

[Treatment with physical therapy after knee injuries].

Trauma to the inner knee disturb the organism's local and central regulations. Physiotherapeutic measures stimulate self-regulatory and self-regenerative mechanisms of the organism. Depending on the specific needs of the patient, active exercise treatment, or various procedures of physical therapy are administered (hydro and thermotherapy, electromedicine, light therapy, aerosol therapy, balneology, and climatology) in order to achieve his/her full restoration to the maximal potential vocationally, socially, and physically.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1993

[EMG-assisted functional analysis within the scope of follow-up of arthroscopically managed injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament].

The rehabilitative course of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures was followed up at 16.6 months postoperatively be measuring clinical parameters, isokinetic power values and by means of electromyographic leads. The injured side has significantly looser ligaments than the non-injured one (p = < 0.01). The circumferential measures differ from each other, pointing to a reduction in muscular circumference at the measuring points 10 cm and 20 cm above the medial joint cavity (p = < 0.05). The isokinetic measurements had selective deficits of the knee-joint extensor at 60 degrees W/S (p = < 0.01) and at 180 degrees W/S (p = < 0.05), whereas the flexors did not show any difference, irrespective of the side. EMG measurements after 16.6 months via superficial leads applied to the synergistic compound of the extensors of the knee joint did not confirm any weakness of the m. vastus medialis although such weakness has often been claimed to exist. Laterally changed electromechanical coupling was seen, as well as a changed muscular fatigue pattern. The changed synergistic functional capacity of the m. quadriceps femoris could be of pathogenetic importance for further, e.g. retropatellar, subsequent damage. The author discusses the question whether laterally equal muscular conditions based on traumatically changed conditions in the joints should be treated at all.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Analysis of isokinetic and isometric muscle function after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair].

Following anterior cruciate ligament replacement plasty performed via arthroscopy, isokinetic and isometric power data were measured at the beginning and end of a sports therapy treatment course. Evaluation yielded surprising results that were partly contradictory to those communicated in current literature. Besides the dependence of force values on preset velocities of motion in dynamic measurements (isokinetics) or in static measurements (isometrics), markedly lower losses of power than expected were measured in the involved extremity on repeated power application. Possible reasons are discussed on the basis of specific innervation criteria and polymodal reflexes. We assume that muscle potential is not yet fully available after surgical intervention, due to reflexive modulations of power realisation, so that the joint and especially the anterior cruciate ligament are thus protected from damage.

Adult↗