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Biomedical subjects

J Frottier

Publications and source records attributed to J Frottier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Nosocomial infection: clinical aspects].

Nosocomial infections develop within a hospital or are produced by microorganisms acquired during hospitalization. They may involve not only patients (2 to 10 percent) but also hospital personnel. They arise from complex interactions of multiple causal factors. Patients risk factors are these that reduce the patient's capacity for resisting the injurious effects of the microorganisms and impair natural host defense mechanisms: patients with malignant disorders or immunosuppressive therapy, poor nutritional status, extensive burn wounds ... The young and the elderly are generally more susceptible to infection. Other infections are preventable. Disease causation is often multifactorial. Nosocomial urinary tract infections had the highest rate, followed by lower respiratory tract infections, surgical infections and bacteremias. The emergence of other nosocomial infections, caused by bacteria (tuberculosis), virus (HIV, hepatitis B and C virus, cytomegalovirus...), Aspergillus species or Pneumocystis carinii appears to be recent in origin and is of importance to immunocompromised hosts, other patients and hospital personnel. Nosocomial infections and their social and economic impacts require for their prevention vigorous organized hospital-wide surveillance and control programs.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1992

[Cerebral glioblastoma: a new complication of HIV-1 infection].

A new case of supratentorial malignant glioma is reported in an HIV-1 infected male homosexual. Tumours of the nervous system account for only 5 to 10 percent of neurological complications of AIDS, and most of them are lymphomas or metastases from Kaposi's sarcomas. In fact, HIV-1 is a neurotropic lentivirus, not transforming by definition. Our patient had a frontal tumoral syndrome resistant to the conventional anti-toxoplasmic treatment. Pathological examination of a tumoral fragment obtained by stereotactic biopsy showed that according to the WHO criteria the tumour was a glioblastoma. The mechanism through which HIV infection results in malignant transformation of astrocytes is conjectural. There is no consensus on whether the virus is located in glial cells, but the transgenic animal technique suggests that the tat gene might play a certain role. Other hypotheses concerning the indirect neurotoxicity of HIV have been put forward, notably that of viral coinfection with viruses of the papova group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Toxoplasma colitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), toxoplasmosis almost exclusively involves the central nervous system (CNS), and extra-CNS organ infection is rare. We report a case of Toxoplasma gondii colitis in a patient with AIDS characterized by the following: 1) onset of diarrhea was simultaneous with disseminated toxoplasmosis; 2) T. gondii was found in colonic biopsies, whereas other infectious causes of diarrhea had been ruled out; 3) diarrhea was cured by anti-Toxoplasma therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Pentamidine-induced acute pancreatitis in a patient with AIDS.

We report pentamidine-induced acute pancreatitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The course of this pancreatitis was prolonged but favorable. Pentamidine was detected in serum as late as one month after discontinuation of therapy. The special pharmacokinetics of this drug may account for the potential severity of pentamidine-induced acute pancreatitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Infections caused by Mycobacterium africanum].

Mycobacterium africanum is a bacterial species that was singled out in 1969. Its biochemical and cultural characteristics are intermediary between those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. This bacteria is responsible for tuberculosis in both western and central Africa. We can distinguish between four different types dependent upon the geographical origins of the patients. The extent of this case, with multiple cutaneous and visceral lesions, could not be explained by a past or associated disease or by an immunological defect, be it congenital or acquired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment with doxycycline and nifuroxazide of Isospora belli infection in AIDS].

Isospora belli infection is the most frequent coccidiosis after cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. Chronic watery diarrhea is observed. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the recommended treatment. Four AIDS patients were intolerant to this drug and were treated with doxycycline and nifuroxazide. Three patients were cured. Two patients died of other infections. The two last patients relapsed and were treated again with long term doxycycline. No relapse occurred during the following twelve months.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Aortic and mitral endocarditis caused by Haemophilus paraphrophilus with abscess of the aortic ring and cerebral embolism].

We report the first case of aortic and mitral Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis complicated by abscess of the aortic annulus in a 30-year old man with post-rheumatic mitral regurgitation. We recall the peculiar clinical features and course of this bacterial endocarditis of uncommon origin. We insist, in particular, on the occurrence of cerebral embolism and on the two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of an aortic annulus abscess confirmed at surgery. Cure was obtained by aortic and mitral valve replacement and by the prolonged antibiotic therapy made necessary by the presence of cerebral lesions. After 3 months, there were no neurological sequelae, but doppler-echocardiography showed a persistent washed out pouch the reports of which with the surrounding structures were determined by transoesophageal echocardiography: moderate aortic regurgitation was detected at that level.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[AIDS in elderly patients. Apropos of 22 cases observed in the Paris region].

If geriatric AIDS is defined as the occurrence of this disease in individuals over 60 years old, it represents about 5% of the cases reported to the Direction Générale de la Santé by the end of 1988. We retrospectively analyzed 22 clinical cases of geriatric AIDS observed between 1985 and 1987, i.e. 21% of the cases reported at that time. In 55% of them, infection resulted from contaminated blood transfusions. Initially, hospitalization was indicated due to a significant deterioration of the patient's general condition, however, neuropsychiatric disorders and intellectual degeneration were present in 18% of the cases. Biological anomalies at the time of admission were classical with the exception of a high frequency of leukopenia often associated with anemia or thrombopenia. During the evolution of the disease, opportunistic infections were very common (90% of the cases). However, the major characteristic of this clinical form of AIDS is the high percentage (55%) of patients suffering from major neurological and psychiatric disorders, including subacute encephalitis in more than half of these patients. The prognosis is very bad, with an average survival time of 4.3 months from the time of diagnosis (median 2.5 months). The cumulative effect of the delay in diagnosing AIDS during the first hospitalization and the classical seriousness of encephalitis suffice to explain the very poor prognosis in patients whose age can play a role in altering the immune response.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1988

[Blood histamine levels in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus].

Serum histamine levels are significantly lowered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Treatment with zidovudine has no effect on histaminaemia, but HIV-positive patients with thrombocytopenic purpura who underwent splenectomy are known to have had a rise in serum histamine levels after the operation. This parameter might be used as prognostic factor in the evaluation of patients with HIV infection.

HIV Seropositivity↗
PubMed1988

[Early anomalies of CD4 and CD20 lymphocyte cycles in human immunodeficiency virus].

Circadian variations in the number of circulating lymphocytes and their subpopulations have been observed in healthy subjects. These cyclic changes are characterized by a trough at 8:00 a.m. and a peak at midnight. Using multiple peripheral blood samplings, we were able to confirm that this cycle applied to CD4 T-cells (helpers) and to B-cells (CD20). No cycle of CD8 lymphocytes was observed. In a second stage, for greater comfort of the patient the number of samplings was reduced to two: one at 8:00 a.m. (trough) and one at midnight (peak). This method enabled us to calculate the amplitude of lymphocytes cycles in 18 controls and 74 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients. In asymptomatic HIV carriers the amplitude of CD4 cycles was normal in 6/26 cases and that of B-cell cycles in 2/17 cases. In the group of asymptomatic HIV carriers the mean amplitude of the cycles was much less reduced than in the other two groups. These results incite us to believe that the loss of the CD4 T-cell cycles is an early sign of HIV infection antedating the decrease observed in the number of these cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Exploration of the cellular mediated immunity by the blastogenesis test during chronic brucellosis in human.

The diagnosis of the chronic, human brucellosis is frequently difficult and usually needs experimental methods. This paper describes a lymphocyte stimulation test with a Brucella antigen and the results of this test concerning 45 brucellic or not brucellic patients. It is concluded that this test is interesting, especially for the chronic and sero-negative Brucellosis diagnosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

[Addition of HPA 23 to cyclosporin in the treatment of thrombopenic purpura in HIV-positive subjects].

We associated HPA 23 (inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase) to cyclosporin A (CSA) for two homosexual patients with positive HIV serology, who had a peripheral thrombocytopenia resistant after alone CSA treatment. HPA 23 was given for 15 days at a dose of 4 mg/kg/day in a 24 hours continuous perfusion. The circulating tungsten blood concentration was about 4.4 micrograms/ml (between 3 and 8.4 micrograms/ml). Even if HPA 23 has frequently been responsible of thrombocytopenia at a dose superior than 2 mg/kg/day and in spite of any CSA activity in single treatment, this association shows a significant platelets increase. But thrombocytopenia reappeared a week after the stay of HPA 23 treatment. So, it is possible that HPA 23 might have, at this circulating blood concentration, an antiviral activity in vitro. In this hypothesis there might be a relation between antiviral replication and autoimmune disorders and, at least, CSA might oppose against the thrombocytopenia induced by HPA 23.

Adult↗