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Biomedical subjects

J Fuchs

Publications and source records attributed to J Fuchs.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Elevated serum creatine kinase levels. An early diagnostic sign of acute dissection of the aorta.

Twenty-two patients suffering from acute dissection of the aorta were analyzed for their serum creatine kinase levels within six hours of onset of acute chest pain. Elevated serum levels were found in 14 patients (64%). In five patients, creatine kinase isoenzyme analysis was performed. These five patients showed more than 95% creatine phosphokinase MM isoenzyme of the total creatine kinase level. The finding of elevated levels of total creatine kinase in patients presenting with acute chest pain does not exclude acute dissection of the aorta. Determination of creatine kinase isoenzymes may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mitochondrial sulfhydryl groups under oligomycin-inhibited, aging, and uncoupling conditions: beneficial influence of cardioprotective drugs.

Uncoupling, oligomycin-inhibited, and aging/swelling conditions comprise three models for mitochondrial dysfunction. In these models, the effects of cardioprotective agents on rat heart mitochondrial membrane -SH reactivity have been studied. For -SH detection two different chromophores were used: dithionitrobenzoate (NbS2) and monobromobimane (MB). The objective of this study is to reveal the influence of three cardioprotective substances against the loss of membrane -SH reactivity: (i) The thiol reagent 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) prevents the decrease of thiols caused by carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), aging, and oligomycin measured with MB and NbS2, and the diminution by oleate detected with MB. The small amount of MPG (6 nmol/mg protein), necessary for the protection, agrees with oligomycin sensitivity of the -SH groups concerned. (ii) The active metabolite of molsidomine, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), protects against the decrease of thiols by FCCP, oleate, and aging monitored with MB. In the case of oligomycin -SH groups accessible to NbS2 are protected. (iii) Another antianginal drug, isosorbidedinitrate (ISDN) does not protect membrane thiol groups. In contrast to SIN-1, ISDN probably requires enzymatic activation. It is suggested that MPG as well as SIN-1 may help to restitute the original -SH status of the mitochondrial membrane.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Reactivity of mitochondrial sulfhydryl groups toward dithionitrobenzoic acid and bromobimanes under oligomycin-inhibited and uncoupling conditions.

Thiol reactivity was determined in rat heart mitochondria using chromophores of differing polarities: monobromobimane (MB), dithionitrobenzoate (NbS2), and bromobimane-q (MQ). The purpose of this study is to correlate reaction rates of protein thiols in the mitochondrial membrane with the oligomycin-inhibited and uncoupled states: In all cases investigated the reactivity of -SH groups toward MB decreases under the above conditions. In parallel with an increase of their uncoupling activities the uncouplers reduce the reaction rate of thiol groups toward NbS2 and, progressively, toward MQ, indicating differences in sensitivity of thiol groups to uncouplers depending on the polarity of the environment. The pattern of -SH reactivity under inhibition by oligomycin resembles that of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Functional changes of the mitochondrial membrane probably correlate with reactivity/polarity changes of membrane -SH groups. Masking of membrane thiol groups thus is not specific for uncouplers but is also observed under inhibition with oligomycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Isolation and partial characterization of insulin of the honeybee (Apis mellifica).

In the honeybee (Apis mellifica), insulin-like material was partially purified with acid ethanol extractions by a classic method for recovering insulin and following gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 column. The preparations were characterized by their ability to cross-react with porcine insulin antibodies. Insulin-like biological activity was demonstrated using the insulin bioassay. Stimulation of glucose oxidation or lipogenesis was measured by isolated rat adipocytes. Insulin seems to be more widespread in invertebrates than was previously assumed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Values for total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes were determined at diagnosis in 273 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, 85 of whom were in stage 1, 92 in stage 2, and 96 in stage 3. We divided the patients into three groups, based on their total serum LD values: less than 225 U/L (normal reference range), 226-500 U/L, and greater than 500 U/L. Overall values for LD were above normal at diagnosis for 69% of the patients, being moderately increased in 63 patients and highly increased in 125. Eighty percent of the patients in stage 1 had normal values for LD at diagnosis, but 88% of the patients in stage 2 and 94% of the patients in stage 3 had above-normal LD values at diagnosis. In 55% of the patients in stage 2 and 73% of the patients in stage 3, LD activity was highly increased. In the patients with normal values for total LD, the proportions of the LD isoenzymes were normal. In the patients with increased LD, the isoenzyme proportions were increased for LD-4 and LD-5, up to twice the normal values. The sensitivity of LD in detection of lung cancer was 60% for LD at the cutoff point of 250 U/L in comparison with normal controls, and 47% for LD at the cutoff point of 310 U/L in comparison with the benign lung disease group of patients (95% specificity). We conclude that total LD in serum may be a direct indicator of clinical stage and tumor burden in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Various effects of secretin and pentagastrin on peripheral venous blood gas analysis].

Until recently, vasomotor effects of gastrointestinal polypeptide hormones have been observed primarily in animal experimentation. 33 volunteers were observed to survey the influence of secretin (1 CU/bw./h) and pentagastrin (0.75 micrograms/bw/h) on peripheral blood gas concentrations and on the acid/base balance. Compared to a control group, secretin caused a significant increase in pO2 and in O2 saturation (p less than 0.05). In contrast to secretin, pentagastrin caused a significant decrease in the pO2 as well as in the O2 saturation (p less than 0.05) pCO2, pH and HCO3 were not significantly affected by either secretin or pentagastrin. These results can be interpreted as possible direct vasodilatative/constrictive as well as local metabolic effects of secretin and pentagastrin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Atypical patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in acute myocardial infarction.

Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes were quantified in 190 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 24, 48, and 72 h after admission. In 90% of the 570 blood specimens an LD isoenzyme pattern typical of AMI (LD-1/LD-2 greater than 0.76) was found. The other 56 blood specimens showed an LD isoenzyme pattern atypical of AMI (LD-1/LD-2 less than 0.76). They were divided into three groups: 28 specimens with isomorphic pattern (relative increase in all five LD isoenzymes); 18 with relatively increased LD-3 proportion (greater than 35%); and 10 specimens with increased LD-5 proportion (greater than 10%). No difference was found in mean total LD activity in serum between the typical isoenzyme group and the three atypical groups. The LD isomorphic pattern was found in 60% of AMI patients complicated by cardiogenic shock. Fifty percent of AMI patients admitted with pulmonary edema showed increased LD-3 proportion and half of the patients with AMI and congestive heart failure, predominant right, demonstrated increased LD-5 proportion. We conclude that although most patients with AMI present at diagnosis with a typical LD isoenzyme pattern, it is important to recognize that some may present with atypical LD isoenzyme patterns, which may be associated with specific AMI complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Significance of isolated increases in total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in serum of patients with bacterial pneumonia.

Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes were quantified at the time of diagnosis in 320 patients with bacterial pneumonia. In eighty, LD activity was increased, but this was accompanied by either other pathological results for liver-function tests or associated diseases that could explain it. The remaining 240 patients were divided into four groups, based on their total serum LD values: group A, less than 225 U/L (normal limit); group B, 226-350 U/L; group C, 351-499 U/L; and group D, greater than 500 U/L. Total LD was above normal at diagnosis in 40% of the patients. Recovery time was twice as long in group D as in groups A, B, and C. In five patients from group D, the pneumonia reflected underlying lung cancer. In groups B and C, the LD-3 ratio was increased in comparison with group A; in group D, LD-4 and LD-5 were increased up to twice the normal limit. Evidently nearly half of patients with bacterial pneumonia may show isolated increases in total LD activity (mostly LD-3) in serum. In cases with high activity, prolonged recovery time is expected. Intensive follow-up and extensive investigation are warranted in these patients, because some may have underlying lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The efficiency of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme determination for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Values for total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) activity and LDH isoenzymes 1 and 2 were determined in 80 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 40 without AMI every 24 hours up to 15 days after admission, when total serum LDH level returned to normal. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of three LDH isoenzyme factors (LDH-1, greater than 90 U/L; LDH-1 greater than LDH-2; LDH-1/LDH ratio, greater than 0.4) for diagnosing AMI were assessed in three groups of patients according to total serum LDH values--group A, LDH level over 600 U/L; group B, 400 to 599 U/L; group C, 225 to 399 U/L--and in five groups of patients according to the time after admission--(1) first 48 hours; (2) three to five days; (3) six to eight days; (4) nine to 11 days; (5) 12 to 15 days. All three factors were found to be highly efficient for diagnosing AMI (91.5% to 97.5%) in groups A and B, but the most efficient factor in each group was LDH-1 value above 90 U/L. In group C, the only efficient factor was the LDH-1 value over 90 U/L (96%). The most efficient factor for diagnosing AMI in relation to time after admission up to 15 days after AMI was the LDH-1 value over 90 U/L (96% to 97.5%). The factors LDH-1 greater than LDH-2 and LDH-1/LDH above 0.4 were more efficient in patients up to five days after AMI (91.5% to 97.5%) than in patients six to 15 days after admission. We conclude that the most efficient LDH value for diagnosing AMI is the absolute value of LDH-1 above 90 U/L. Its superiority over other LDH isoenzyme values is best documented in a group of patients six to 15 days after admission and with only slight to moderate elevation of total serum LDH values (225 to 399 U/L).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum of patients with acute pulmonary edema.

Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and proportions of LD isoenzymes were quantified on admission and discharge in 170 selected (from 240) patients with acute pulmonary edema (APE). The patients were divided into group A, 75 patients with normal LD values (less than 225 U/L); and groups B-E, with increased LD activity in serum: group B, 40 patients with increase in the proportion of LD-3 (greater than 38%); group C, 12 patients with increased LD-5; group D, 36 patients with an isomorphic pattern of LD isoenzymes; and group E, seven patients with LD-1/LD-2 greater than 0.75. Nine patients in group C (75%) had also signs of right-sided congestive heart failure, 30 in group D (83%) had hypotension on admission, and six in group E (86%) had signs of recent myocardial infarction. Evidently, half of patients with APE may show increased total LD activity in serum at the time of admission. LD isoenzyme proportions should be determined in such patients, because there is no one typical pattern of LD isoenzymes and some LD isoenzyme patterns may be associated with specific clinical situations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Circulating aggregated platelets in coronary artery disease.

Circulating aggregated platelets were assessed in 30 patients with stable angina, 22 with unstable angina and 50 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fifty healthy volunteers and 20 noncardiac patients served as controls. One milliliter of venous blood was separated into 2 solutions: 1 composed of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and formalin containing reversible and aggregates and 1 composed of EDTA alone containing irreversible aggregates only. By direct microscopic readings the percentage of platelets forming aggregates/1,000 counted platelets was determined in the 2 solutions. The number of reversibly aggregated platelets was estimated by subtracting the percentage of aggregated platelets in the second solution from that in the first solution. In patients with stable angina the percentage of aggregated platelets was higher than in control subjects (15 +/- 4% vs 7 +/- 2%, p less than 0.001). Most aggregated platelets (72% and 76%, respectively) were irreversibly aggregated. In the unstable angina group the percentage of aggregated platelets was similar to that of the AMI group (24 +/- 13% and 24 +/- 10%) and significantly higher than in the stable angina group. Only 11% and 17% of aggregated platelets in patients with stable angina and AMI were irreversibly aggregated and 89% and 83% of them were reversibly aggregated. Participation of platelets in the pathogenesis of unstable angina and AMI may be related to the early reversible phase of platelet activation.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1987

Possible role of fibrinogen in the aggregation of white blood cells.

In order to verify whether leukocyte aggregation correlated with aggregation of other cellular elements during inflammation, we examined the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) in the peripheral blood and red cell aggregation. Correlation was found to be significant as was the correlation between LAA and fibrinogen, and with the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products concentration during various inflammatory states. In vitro leukocyte aggregation was decreased when the cells were suspended in autologous heat defibrinogenated plasma as compared to cells suspended in autologous native plasma. Heat aggregated fibrinogen but not native fibrinogen caused leukocyte aggregation in vitro. Finally, Arvin defibrinogenation in rabbits reduced the state of LAA in endotoxinemic rabbits. Integrating all this information, we assume that fibrinogen participates not only in the aggregation phenomena of red cells and platelets, but also in those of leukocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A multiparameter analysis of the perfused rat heart: responses to ischemia, uncouplers and drugs.

In perfused rat hearts alterations of aortic flow and mitochondrial membrane potential resulting from uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, hypoxia and treatment with a cardioprotective drug (2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) have been studied. Mitochondrial membrane potential was followed by surface fluorimetry on DASPMI stained hearts. This fluorochrome specifically stains mitochondria in living cells; fluorescence intensity is related to the electrochemical gradient. Aortic flow turned out to be a much more sensitive indicator of heart function than ventricular pressure or mitochondrial membrane potential. No direct relationship exists between mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production under the different metabolic conditions. Two phases of hypoxic mitochondrial damage have been deduced: the first results in derangement of ATP synthases while membrane potential is maintained, the second in irreversible damage of mitochondrial membranes with loss of membrane potential.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Myocardial infarction in young adults under 30 years: risk factors and clinical course.

The clinical features and course of 30 patients (26 men and 4 women) under 30 years of age (mean age 27.3 years) with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) are described. The most common risk factor among this group of patients was smoking in 20 patients (66%). The prevalence of the other risk factors was low: hyperlipidemia in four patients and family history of ischemic disease in another four patients, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity each in one patient. Seven patients (23%) had none of the conventional risk factors. Three patients were exerting themselves prior to the onset of their MI pain; all of them had normal coronaries. Five patients experienced chest pain prior to MI, among them only two experienced classical angina pectoris. Eighteen patients underwent uncomplicated MI. The complications in the other 12 during the acute MI were rhythm disturbances in eight and congestive heart failure in four. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 25 patients. The occurrence of zero, one, or multivessel disease was equal. The 30 patients were followed up from six months to 15 years (mean 7 years). In 18 patients circulating aggregated platelets were measured one year after the MI. Elevated values were found in all of them (mean +/- SD 34.9 +/- 9.1%). In 6 of the 18, all heavy smokers, extreme values were found in the range of 39-55%. Three out of the 30 patients died within five years after their first MI. The other 15 patients developed complications, most of them angina pectoris. Five patients were hospitalized for reinfarction. None of the 30 underwent aortocoronary bypass operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗