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Biomedical subjects

J G Calhoun

Publications and source records attributed to J G Calhoun.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

M NET: a statewide referring physician computer network.

M NET, the Referring Physician Computer Network, is a joint project between the University of Michigan Medical Center (UMMC) and IBM. A graphical user interface was developed to allow referring physicians easy access to a variety of patient, clinical, and institutional data. File transfer mechanisms were created and current clinical database files and programs were enhanced and restructured to facilitate remote data transmission. M NET is currently installed in referring physician office sites across the state, with additional physician sites identified and program enhancements under development.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1989

Medical student attitudes toward radiology. A multi-institutional survey.

A questionnaire was administered to 238 students at four institutions before and after a radiology clerkship to evaluate student attitudes regarding radiology as a career, radiologist expertise, and clerkship expectations. There was no statistically significant difference among the clerkships, although they varied in types of experience, geographic location, and size. After the clerkship, the students agreed more strongly that the radiologist should be involved in patient workup, screening of requests, interpretation of emergency room films, and consultations. A significant change in attitude could be identified after the four-week experience, indicating a desire for the radiologist to have a more active role as imaging consultant.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Problem-solving model in radiology for medical students.

Current undergraduate medical education is criticized for not preparing physicians to be independent thinkers. The rapid development of new imaging techniques and the problem of escalating medical costs call for efficient patient management. The development of algorithms in imaging work-up of patient problems is an excellent example of problem solving or medical decision making. The senior elective in radiology at our institution incorporates this type of problem-solving session. Small groups (15-25 students) with faculty guidance discuss 5-6 common patient problems to develop an investigative plan in imaging. Algorithms are thus developed by the group, but not presented for memorization. Small changes are then made in the case history so that the students are forced to make new hypotheses and generate a modified algorithm. Correlative costs are included. Flexibility and initiative in development of patient management algorithms are stressed.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

The integration of computer conferencing into the medical school curriculum.

A computer conference was developed for use with students, faculty, and staff at a large state-funded medical school. The conference was intended to increase communication among these groups which study, work, and train at a variety of locations across the state. To date, 583 participants (91% are students, 6% are faculty, and 2% are staff) have discussed a variety of academic, ethical, social, and administrative issues. Conference use is required during the obstetrics-gynecology third year clerkship, and has also been used to evaluate courses and critique course examinations. The procedures for creating a computer conference, implementing its use in the curriculum, and evaluating its effectiveness are discussed.

Communication↗
PubMed1988

The surgical clerkship experience: self, departmental, and institutional assessment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent students' assessments of their clerkship experiences varied in relation to perceptions of self-improvement, the time of year in which the clerkship experience took place, and the origin of the assessment device (departmental versus institutional). All students enrolled in each of six surgery clerkship rotations over the course of 1 academic year (224 students) were administered two questionnaires on completion of the clerkship. One questionnaire was institutionally developed and supported, whereas the other was departmentally sponsored. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that (1) when students felt their medical skills had improved as a result of clerkship participation, the clerkship was considered of high quality; (2) students' perceived improvement in communication skills decreased as the academic year progressed; and (3) students did not alter their responses to the questionnaires based on whether the instrument was institutionally or departmentally sponsored.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1988

Journal publications in radiology education. A review of the literature, 1966-1986.

Published scholarly activity pertaining to radiology education is relatively uncommon compared with an extensive clinical literature. To guide future radiology educational efforts in a time of changing priorities and practice patterns, the authors undertook an in-depth review and analysis of the existing radiology education literature covering the 20-year period from 1966 to 1986. A total of 194 articles was identified via a computerized literature search and manual cross-checking of cited references. Articles pertinent to medical student radiology education (36.6%) or radiology resident education (29.9%) predominated. The majority of published radiology education articles were editorials (35.5%) or expository in nature (49.5%). Surveys (5.1%) and experimental research (8.7%) comprised the balance. Although editorial opinions and personal reflections are important and valuable resources for radiology educators, a substantial lack of empirical research in radiology education exists. Additional knowledge in underdeveloped research areas is essential for future curriculum planning and development in radiology education.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

A controlled experiment in teaching students to respond to patients' emotional concerns.

Medical education faces increasing criticism because of the perception that it is difficult to produce physicians who are both technically competent and compassionate. One approach to addressing this problem is to train physicians to address the emotional concerns that patients experience as a result of their medical problems. Results of the authors' randomized, controlled experiment in training medical students to respond to patients' emotional concerns provide evidence of the efficacy and feasibility of such training. Only students who received small-group instruction in addition to large-group lectures exhibited statistically significant (p less than .001) improvement in their ability to respond to the emotional concerns of patients in hypothetical cases. The students who received only the lectures exhibited significant improvement (p less than .001) in their preference for responses that addressed patients' emotional concerns but not in their responses to written, hypothetical patient cases. Even though these students' preferences for responses to emotional concerns on the average did increase significantly, the preferences were significantly (p less than .001) less favorable than the preferences of the students who received small-group instruction. The small group instruction consisted of both interviews with elderly nursing home residents, who served as simulated patients, and structured practice and review sessions.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1987

Internal medicine house officers' performance as assessed by experts and standardized patients.

Three chronically ill patients were trained to evaluate the performance of 31 second-year internal medicine house officers based upon: a checklist for the medical data elicited during the medical interview; the process of the interview (that is, the house officer's interviewing style); and the physical examination technique. Four standardized rating scales were completed by the patients for the evaluations. Expert evaluations of the same house officers were conducted by a trained evaluator who reviewed videotapes of the interview and a faculty member who reviewed the adequacy of the medical history write-ups. Results of the study indicate a high correlation between the patients' and the experts' evaluations of the adequacy of the medical history data collected; less agreement was found in evaluations of the adequacy of the psychosocial data collected. These findings suggest that, if carefully selected and trained, patients with chronic medical conditions can provide reliable and standardized evaluations of house officers' performance at a level consistent with but less expensive than faculty members' evaluations.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Guidelines for writing multiple-choice questions in radiology courses.

Objective evaluation of students frequently includes the utilization of multiple-choice test questions. Due to constraints on faculty time, however, the writing of these questions is usually completed quickly and somewhat haphazardly. The guidelines contained in this article were written to help radiologists produce better test questions for the purpose of improving the evaluation of clerkship students. The guidelines include choosing an item that is worth testing and has one definite answer, asking a single, clearly formulated question, avoiding true-false stems, being concise when writing the question, avoiding the use of negatives in the stem, avoiding using "all of the above" or "none of the above" as a response, avoiding subtle clues toward the keyed answer or away from the distractors, avoiding one-word definitions as responses, and placing the responses in logical or numerical order. A definition of terms used in the educational literature and a discussion of a quantitative evaluation of test questions are included.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1986

Constructing pre- and post-tests in a medical student elective.

The importance of evaluating medical student performance has been widely addressed in the medical education literature. Multiple-choice examinations are the preferred method of testing because they are easy to administer and score. Development of parallel or equivalent pre- and post-examinations provides objective information regarding actual knowledge gains by the students during the elective and points to strengths and weaknesses in the elective. This article provides information for developing the parallel multiple-choice questions for effective pre- and post-tests.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1985

Hospital library surveys for management and planning: past and future directions.

Since the survey of health sciences libraries by the American Medical Association in 1969, a number of other hospital library surveys have been conducted. Twelve hospital/health sciences library surveys published since the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act are reviewed. The use of data from these surveys for management and planning is discussed and directions for future library survey development are suggested.

Libraries, Hospital↗