PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J G Geraghty

Publications and source records attributed to J G Geraghty.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

CA 15-3 in patients with locoregional and metastatic breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The value of circulating CA 15-3 levels was assessed in 129 patients with recurrent breast carcinoma. METHODS: Patients were divided into four subgroups, according to the following: Group A, locoregional recurrence alone; Group B, locoregional and subsequent systemic recurrence; Group C, combined locoregional and systemic recurrence; and Group D, differing sites of systemic disease. RESULTS: One of 14 patients with locoregional disease alone had increased levels of CA 15-3 (> 25 U/ml). However, 96% of patients (22 of 23 patients) with combined local and systemic disease had increased tumor marker levels. The difference in CA 15-3 levels in patients with combined disease compared with patients with local disease alone was statistically significant (117.0 versus 17.5 U/ml, respectively; P < 0.02). Twenty-four patients with locoregional recurrence later had distant metastasis develop. In this group, patients with an increased CA 15-3 value had a significantly shorter lead time to the development of distant metastases compared with patients with normal tumor marker levels (20.8 +/- 3.3 versus 10.3 +/- 2.7 months, respectively; P < 0.03). CA 15-3 values at diagnosis were increased in 88% of 115 patients with metastatic disease. There was no significant difference in CA 15-3 levels among metastases to lung, liver, and bone nor was there any difference between single and multiple sites of distant metastasis. CA 15-3 is an excellent marker for systemic recurrence of breast carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels and no clinical evidence of recurrence strongly indicate the presence of occult metastatic disease.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1992

Flow volume loops in patients with goiters.

Plain radiology is the standard means of assessing upper airway obstruction in patients with goiters. Flow volume loop curves will provide additional information, because they allow a quantitative assessment of airflow dynamics in the respiratory cycle. Fifty-one patients had flow volume loops performed before and after thyroidectomy. There was a significant increase in the maximum inspiratory flow rate (3.9 +/- 0.2 versus 4.9 +/- 0.2 L/second, p less than 0.01) after thyroidectomy. Eight of twelve patients with normal tracheal radiology had improved airflow dynamics in the postoperative period. The flow volume loop curve is a simple noninvasive means of assessing airflow dynamics in patients with goiters and may be superior to conventional radiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Taurocholate induced gastric mucosal injuries in experimental portal hypertension.

The susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to injury by topical sodium taurocholate (40 mmol/l) in hydrochloric acid (150 mmol/l) was studied in prehepatic and cirrhotic rat models of portal hypertension. Portal venous pressure was increased in rats who had undergone partial portal vein ligation compared with rats that had undergone sham operation on days 3, 7, and 28 after operation (20.6 (0.9), 14.8 (0.8), and 11.3 (0.5) mm Hg v 7.3 (0.7), 7.3 (0.6), and 8.2 (0.2) mmHg respectively (mean (SEM)). At day 3 gastric mucosal injuries were increased in rats with partial portal vein ligation compared with sham operated rats (55.3 (9.4) vs 22.3 (10.5) mm2, p = 0.006), but at the later time intervals there was no significant difference in injuries between the two groups. In rats with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic cirrhosis, portal pressure was increased (15.6 (1.0) v 6.7 (0.6) mmHg), but again there was no significant difference in mucosal injuries relative to control animals. We conclude that gastric mucosal defence mechanisms are impaired in acute but not chronic experimental portal hypertension.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

A study of regional gastric mucosal blood flow in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis.

There is controversy surrounding the effects of portal hypertension on the level of perfusion to the gastric wall. This study maps the regional distribution of gastric mucosal and muscle blood flow measured using quantitative autoradiography in a carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. There was a significant increase in both corpus mucosal (124.3 +/- 13.8 vs. 84.8 +/- 4.2 ml.100 g-1.min-1) and muscle blood flow (50.9 +/- 3.6 vs. 33.4 +/- 2.3 ml.100 g-1.min-1) in animals with experimental cirrhosis compared with controls. There was no significant difference in the ratio of blood tracer concentration between the basal and luminal aspects of corpus mucosa in cirrhotic and control groups. We conclude that experimental cirrhosis is associated with gastric mucosal hyperperfusion and that "active" rather than "passive" congestion of the stomach wall may be a more appropriate description of the basic hemodynamic change in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A study of regional distribution of renal blood flow using quantitative autoradiography.

Quantitative autoradiography utilizing [14C]iodoantipyrine was used to measure regional renal blood flow in anesthetized rats. This technique allowed blood flow in any region of the kidney to be measured with a resolution of 100 microns. There was no significant difference between flow to polar and middle regions of the renal cortex [875 +/- 57 vs. 926 +/- 71 (SE) ml.100 g-1 x mm-1]. Areas of high optical density in renal cortex corresponded to peritubular capillaries. Mean cortical blood flow was three times greater than mean medullary blood flow. Outer medullary blood flow was uniform but significantly higher than inner medullary blood flow (272 +/- 16 vs. 45 +/- 7 ml.100 g-1 x mm-1; P < 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Erosive gastritis and portal hypertension.

There is conflicting evidence concerning the effects of portal hypertension on the gastric mucosa. This paper summarises the histological and haemodynamic alterations which are present in both human and experimental portal hypertension. Despite the fact that histological studies suggests that the gastric mucosa is an oedematous plethoric structure in portal hypertension, haemodynamic studies show that gastric mucosal blood glow is at least maintained if not increased in portal hypertension. The term "active" rather than "passive" congestion is a more appropriate description of the basic change present in the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as ascites. Case report.

A 46 year old man presented with a four week history of ascites and loss of weight. The diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was made only after histological examination of a biopsy specimen taken at laparotomy. All other investigations had been unhelpful. He made a good recovery and was given no treatment.

Ascites↗
PubMed1992

Mammographic needle localisation of impalpable breast lesions.

Refinements in mammography have led to an increased number of needle localised breast biopsies for impalpable breast lesions. This paper review 139 needle guided biopsies from June 1986 to December 1990 in 132 patients. Forty four patients (32%) biopsied had malignant lesions the vast majority (91%) of which were reported as either non-invasive or invasive less than 2 cm in diameter. Fourteen patients in this group had ductal carcinoma in-situ. When compared with 100 consecutive palpable breast carcinomas during the same period, needle localised biopsies had a higher proportion of non-invasive lesions and fewer were associated with lymph node involvement. Needle guided breast biopsy detects carcinoma at an earlier stage and may reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Radiologically controlled balloon dilatation of rectal strictures.

Rectal stricture is a well recognized complication following anterior resection. It is traditionally managed with metal dilators or resection. This paper describes the use of balloon dilatation for benign anastomotic rectal strictures. Eight patients were included in the trial. Only one dilatation was necessary in four patients while the remaining four patients required further dilatation for relief of symptoms. The mean diameter of the stricture increased from 7.2 mm to 17.0 mm post-dilatation. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Balloon dilatation is a safe and effective method of treating benign anastomotic rectal strictures.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed presentation of traumatic splenic arterio-venous fistula.

We report a patient who presented with dyspnoea and was found on examination to have a machinery murmur in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The patient had sustained blunt abdominal trauma one year prior to presentation. A diagnosis of splenic arteriovenous fistula was made. The diagnosis and management of delayed presentation of traumatic splenic arteriovenous fistula are discussed.

Abdominal Injuries↗