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Biomedical subjects

J Gaines

Publications and source records attributed to J Gaines.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal substance use and subsequent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in offspring.

Over 400,000 babies may be born annually following intrauterine exposure to opiates, stimulants and other illicit drugs. In addition, fetal exposure to alcohol and nicotine is common: of the 56 million women in the childbearing age range, 34 million are drinkers and 18 million are smokers. Published epidemiologic data suggest a strong association between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and maternal smoking, a weaker association between SIDS and maternal opiate use, a still weaker association between SIDS and maternal cocaine use, and no association of SIDS and maternal alcohol use. Direct scientific links, however, between SIDS and exposure to any of these substances are still lacking. Because of reports in the medical literature and lay press linking maternal substance use to subsequent SIDS, specific drug-related counseling issues must be recognized by health professionals to provide effective intervention in the event of a SIDS death.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The interrelationships between serotonin production and locomotion in different light regimes in southwestern Michigan opilionids, Leiobunum longipes.

The comparison was made of the effect of LL and DD with LD 14:10 photoperiods on the 24-h secretion cycle of serotonin secretion and the activity patterns of Leiobunum longipes from Southwestern Michigan. LL and DD altered the normal activity patterns but did not change the pattern of serotonin secretion. The activity pattern in normal photoperiod (LD 14:10) produced a 12-h cosinor pattern, resulting in a 24-h biphasic activity peak model. The activity peaked in both scotophase and photophase . The altered patterns in LL and DD were different. In LL a rhythmic component could not be statistically determined. A high, irregular level of activity was seen, higher than the mean level in LD. In DD a combined 24 and 48 h cosinor pattern best fit the observed data. The major peaks occurred in nature during every other photophase and alternate scotophase time in the constant photoperiod conditions. Serotonin secretion patterns in LD, LL, and DD statistically fitted a 24-h cosinor model. Peak secretion times occurred in mid photophase for LD and LL. A later photophase peak was seen in DD. LL animals showed a mean level of serotonin and secretion pattern which was not statistically different from LD. The hypothesis that LD photoperiods direct a peak of serotonin secretion which initiated the activity pattern could not be accepted.

Analysis of Variance↗