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Biomedical subjects

J Galloway

Publications and source records attributed to J Galloway.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

A 12-year history of hazardous materials incidents in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

In compliance with the provisions of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986, Chester County, Pennsylvania has collected information about all reported chemical releases to the environment. This paper presents an analysis of the patterns of these releases, including their composition, type, location, frequency, time and level of emergency response, over the last 12 years (1987-1999). Hydrocarbon fuels are the most frequently spilled compounds, but several extremely hazardous chemicals including sulfuric acid, chlorine, and ammonia have also been released to the environment. The patterns of hazardous materials releases in Chester County are similar to those reported in other databases at all levels: local, state, federal and international.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Quarts out of pint pots -- expanding the pint. Clinical budgeting in practice.

Clinical budgeting is the process whereby clinical users are charged for the resources they use. A system for recharging users for the costs of tests was introduced at the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, in 1995, and has been in operation since. The system has allowed pathology to maintain budgetary balance, has automatically compensated for workload increases, has allowed the introduction of new tests, and has encouraged clinical users to include pathology costs in their bids for funding for clinical developments. The system works according to rules agreed between pathology and its users at the outset, but once set up takes a minimal amount of work to operate and maintain.

Budgets↗
PubMed2001

Optimizing nitrogen management in food and energy production and environmental protection: summary statement from the Second International Nitrogen Conference.

Human efforts to produce food and energy are changing the nitrogen (N) cycle of the Earth. Many of these changes are highly beneficial for humans, while others are detrimental to people and the environment. These changes transcend scientific disciplines, geographical boundaries, and political structures. They challenge the creative minds of natural and social scientists, economists, engineers, business leaders, and decision makers. The Second International Nitrogen Conference was designed to facilitate communications among all stakeholders in the "nitrogen community" of the world. The Conference participants" goal in the years and decades ahead is to encourage every country to make optimal choices about N management in food production and consumption, energy production and use, and environmental protection. Scientific findings and recommendations for decision makers that emerged from the Conference are presented.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Dentistry. Open wide.

The government's plan to invest 18 m Pounds to encourage dentists to do more NHS work is not likely to arrest the move towards private practice. Although health authorities are to be made accountable for delivering a dental strategy they will have no control over the work of dentists in their area. Dentistry remains out of line with the NHS's founding principle of providing free care at the point of access. The government has not addressed the problem of shortage of dentists in some areas. Dental hygienists and therapists should be allowed to undertake more routine work.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMed1999

Vascular surgical society of great britain and ireland: limb outcome following failed femoropopliteal polytetrafluoroethylene bypass for intermittent claudication

BACKGROUND: Femoropopliteal (FP) bypass using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is still considered by many surgeons to be a reasonable procedure for severe intermittent claudication (IC) without limb-threatening ischaemia. The consequences of FP graft failure were examined. METHODS: Over 8 years, 54 patients had 55 FP grafts (that subsequently occluded) inserted for severe IC (42 PTFE and 13 vein grafts) above (30) or below (25) the knee. There were no operative deaths. During the same interval a total of 191 FP grafts were placed, 100 of which were vein grafts. Patient demography and risk factor analysis was similar for both groups. RESULTS: Nineteen patients required amputation subsequent to a failed graft, all of these following PTFE grafts. Mean time to occlusion was 12.2 (range 0-79) months. For PTFE grafts, the mean(s. d.) ankle index rose from 0.51(0.14) to 0.95(0.15) after operation but fell to 0.25(0.15) after occlusion, confirming a highly significant deterioration from preoperative levels, which was not seen in vein graft occlusions. CONCLUSION: Long-term FP bypass patency rates with vein are superior to those obtained with PTFE. Failed PTFE grafts show a significant deterioration in pressure indices compared with preoperative values. FP grafts for IC carry an intrinsic risk of limb loss which is much greater when vein is not used (P < 0.001).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

The effect of hypothalamic peptide YY on hippocampal acetylcholine release in vivo: implications for limbic function in binge-eating behavior.

Central injection of peptide YY (PYY) in sated rats produces the most powerful stimulating effect of food intake known to date. The neural mechanisms by which PYY regulates appetite are not clear but may be important because abnormal levels of PYY have been implicated in the neurobiology of bulimia nervosa. Interactions between brain acetylcholine (ACh) and PYY had not been studied. Therefore, the present experiments were designed to explore the in vivo release of ACh from the hippocampus (HPC) of rats in response to hypothalamic infusion of PYY. Hippocampal ACh release was found to increase 400% in response to 10 microg PYY. In a separate experiment, blockade of the same area of the HPC with bilateral intracerebral injections of 3.5 microg scopolamine did not affect intake stimulated by intrahypothalamic injection of 4 microg PYY. Furthermore, a third experiment showed, for the first time, that PYY (2.5-10.0 microg) can elicit robust feeding when infused directly into the HPC. The significance of these findings to the activation of limbic functions such as memory, reinforcement, and obsessional processes that accompany human binge-eating syndromes is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1998

Pancreatic necrosis: results of necrosectomy, packing, and ultimate closure over drains.

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of pancreatic necrosis at a tertiary referral center was reviewed to effect better patient outcome. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic necrosis is a devastating disease that leads to death in 10% to 50% of cases. Infected necrosis is particularly deadly because 80% of deaths from necrosis are due to infection or its complications. Therapeutic strategies center on aggressive support of organ systems and prevention and treatment of infectious complications. METHODS: Records of all patients who underwent pancreatic necrosectomy from 1990 to 1996 at Emory University Hospital were reviewed. Patients with infected necrosis were debrided as soon as the diagnosis was made. Reoperation for completion necrosectomy with ultimate closure over lavage catheters was performed as necessary. RESULTS: Of the 244 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis in the study period, 50 underwent pancreatic debridement. The mean age was 52 years, and 74% of patients were transferred from other institutions. Eighty-four percent of patients had infected necrosis, and all patients underwent sequential debridement with eventual closure over drains. Organ failure occurred in 72% of cases, and the overall mortality rate was 12%. The mean length of stay was 54 days. CONCLUSIONS: The management of pancreatic necrosis demands the allocation of extensive resources. An aggressive operative strategy of multiple debridements with ultimate closure over drains can lead to a low mortality rate in patients with this complex disease, but the determination of when to explore patients with sterile necrosis remains difficult.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Follicular mycosis fungoides: a clinicohistopathologic study.

BACKGROUND: Follicular mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a recently described variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, histopathologically characterized by infiltrates of atypical CD4+ T lymphocytes around and within the epithelium of the hair follicles (folliculotropism). To date, only four cases of FMF have been reported. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to identify cases of FMF and compare them with those previously reported. METHODS: The clinical and histopathologic features of three cases of FMF were analyzed. In addition, in one case immunohistochemical analysis in paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue as well as genotypic studies were performed. RESULTS: The three reported cases showed typical histologic findings of FMF, namely, perifollicular and intrafollicular infiltrates of atypical lymphocytes, in the absence of either epidermotropism or follicular mucinosis. Clinically, the lesions were similar to classic MF, but also contained follicular papules. Immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies showed findings similar to classic MF. CONCLUSION: FMF is a rare variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Including our three cases, only seven patients have been reported. We hypothesize that the follicular epithelium in patients with FMF may express increased levels of skin-selective homing receptors and adhesion molecules. These may be involved in the induction of the folliculotropism of atypical lymphocytes.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Dental therapists.

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Dental Auxiliaries↗
PubMed1996

The BSE crisis.

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Animals↗
PubMed1996

Absence of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphomatoid papulosis. An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and cutaneous Hodgkin's disease share many clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several lymphoid malignancies, including Hodgkin's disease. Given the similarities between LyP and Hodgkin's disease, we asked if EBV could be detected in lesions of LyP. We examined 31 specimens of LyP that were obtained from 24 patients for evidence of EBV by in situ hybridization to EBER1 transcripts and for immunohistochemistry of viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). RESULTS: In no instance there was there any evidence of EBV gene products by either in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of EBV in LyP suggests that this virus is not operative in the pathogenesis of LyP. Furthermore, it suggests that LyP and Hodgkin's disease may not share the same molecular mechanisms despite their phenotypic similarities.

Herpesvirus 4, Human↗
PubMed1993

Obtaining and evaluating data sets for secondary analysis in nursing research.

Secondary analysis of existing data offers many advantages to the nurse researcher. Data from large-scale studies may be reanalyzed and refined by secondary analysts with a fresh perspective, thus enhancing the original study's contribution to scientific knowledge. High-quality data can be obtained for comparatively little expenditure of time and money. The secondary analyst, however, must exercise care in evaluating and analyzing a data set to maximize the internal and external validity of the reanalysis. Because the secondary analyst's lack of involvement in data collection procedures may decrease insight into the original study's limitations, vigilant skepticism should accompany all phases of the research process in secondary data analysis, just as it should in all other research. Miller (1982) advised, "Begin by assuming the worst and seek out the same kinds of information about sample selection procedures, sample size, response rates, field procedures, and coding conventions that you would insist on if you were collecting your own data" (p. 722). By systematically evaluating potential data sets according to rigorous predetermined criteria, the nurse researcher can minimize the possible pitfalls inherent in secondary analysis. On the other hand, investigators who use secondary sources appropriately can make significant contributions to nursing science at less cost than that engendered by traditional research methods.

Data Collection↗