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Biomedical subjects

J Gammelgaard

Publications and source records attributed to J Gammelgaard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of a palpable abdominal mass. A prospective study of 107 patients.

In 107 consecutive patients referred to the ultrasound laboratory for investigation of a palpable abdominal mass, the examination was performed without knowledge of clinical history, laboratory findings, or the results of other examinations. In 101 of the patients the correct diagnosis was subsequently verified, and 29 different ultrasonic diagnoses were reached. In 98 (97%) of the patients the ultrasonic diagnoses were correct. Two uterine leiomyomas were erroneously diagnosed as ovarian in origin, and a massive adrenal carcinoma was misdiagnosed as a hepatic tumor. It is suggested that ultrasonic scanning is the method of choice in evaluating patients with a palpable abdominal mass.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Transrectal ultrasonic volume determination of the prostate--a preoperative and postoperative study.

A technique for transrectal ultrasonic volume determination of the prostate, based on the principle of serial planimetry, is presented. The preoperative ultrasonic determinations in 75 cases have been compared to the estimation of size by digital palpation and to the amount of tissue removed at operation. Scannings 6 to 10 weeks postoperatively have shown variable amounts of residual prostatic tissue. The difference in the preoperative and postoperative ultrasonic volume has been compared to the amount of tissue resected at operation, and the accuracy of the method has been established. The transrectal approach gives a close and complete view of the prostate, and has proved to be a simple, easily applicable and reliable method for volume determination. Postoperative scannings show morphological changes in the resection cavity, which are difficult to explain from scanning alone.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Kidney function and size in diabetics before and during initial insulin treatment.

GFR, RPF, and kidney size were measured in nine young recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics before (days 0) and 3 and 8 days after the beginning of the initial insulin treatment and in comparable control subjects. Kidney function was measured by a constant infusion technique using I-125-iothalamate and 131-I-hippuran. Kidney size was determined by means of ultrasound. Before insulin treatment elevated values for GFR (+44%, P less than 0.01), RPF (+18%, P less than 0.05), and kidney size (+29%, P less than 0.01) were found. Near-normal metabolic control was achieved in all patients using either multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin or an artificial betacell. GFR decreased from 160 +/- 9 SEM to 141 +/- 6 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01) and further to 133 +/- 5 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01, compared to day 0). Renal plasma flow was 601 +/- 33 and 588 +/- 44 ml x 1.73 m2 at days 0 and 3, respectively (NS) and decreased to 558 +/- 35 ml/min x 1.73 m2 at day 0 (P less than 0.01). By contrast no statistically significant changes in kidney volume were observed; the results on day 0, 3 and 8 were 145 +/- 7, 162 +/- 11 and 143 +/- 9 ml/1.73 m2, respectively. The present study demonstrates that kidney size and function are elevated at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes. Near-normal metabolic control; for 8 days induces a reduction but not a complete normalization in kidney function. From the present observations it is suggested that the rapidly reversible part of the elevation in GFR cannot be explained by concomitant changes in kidney and glomerular size (morphological origin) but is probably due to a reduction in renal plasma flow and to a decreased transglomerular pressure (functional origin).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonic localization of the porta hepatis prior to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

Sixtyfour jaundiced patients were randomly allocated to have fine needle PTC performed with or without prior ultrasonographical localization of the porta hepatis. The general success rate was 97% and complications occurred in two patients (3%). Ultrasonography prior to PTC did not significantly reduce the number of needle passes in the liver parenchyma, the failure rate or the number of complications. Ultrasonic scanning, however, should precede PTC to disclose patients with obstructive jaundice and reveal hepatic and perihepatic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasonography, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy, and infusion tomography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.

Ultrasonography, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy, and infusion tomography of the gallbladder were compared in a prospective study comprising 45 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established or excluded by operation in 35 patients, by oral cholecystography in 5, and by intravenous cholangiography in 5. The predictive values of a positive and a negative test were 100% and 83%, respectively, by ultrasonography and 98% and 88% by cholescintigraphy. Corresponding values for infusion tomography were 87% and 33%. The results suggest that in patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Increased kidney size, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in short-term insulin-dependent diabetics.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and kidney volume were measured in thirteen male subjects (mean age 30 years) with short-term insulin-dependent diabetes (mean duration of disease 2.4 years) and fourteen normal male subjects (mean age 29 years). GFR and RPF were measured by constant infusion technique using I125-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran. Kidney size was determined by means of ultrasound. GFR, RPF and kidney volume were increased in the diabetic patients compared to the normal controls, 144 versus 113 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0005), 627 versus 523 ml/min X 1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0025) and 278 versus 224 ml/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.0005) respectively. Combining results from diabetic patients and controls revealed a positive correlation between kidney size and GFR (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001) and between kidney size and RPF (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). Within the groups kidney size and RPF correlated significantly in the diabetics (p less than 0.01) and the same was found for kidney size and GFR (0.025 less than p less than 0.05), while no correlations were found in the normal group. GFR and RPF correlated in the diabetics when evaluated separately (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001) and in the controls (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). The previous and present data suggest that the mechanisms of the elevated GFR in insulin-dependent diabetics are enhanced RPF, increased transglomerular hydrostatic pressure gradient and increased glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. The increased kidney size is probably the main cause of the above alterations in the GFR determinants.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Kidney function and size in normal subjects before and during growth hormone administration for one week.

Kidney function and size were studied in seven normal male subjects before and after administration of highly purified human growth hormone for 1 week. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (steady-state infusion technique with urinary collections using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran) kidney size (ultrasonic scanning) and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin (radioimmunoassays) were measured. Highly purified growth hormone was injected subcutaneously, 2 IU in the morning and 4 IU in the evening. Glomerular filtration rate increased from (mean +/- SEM) 114 +/- 5 to 125 +/- 4 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01) and renal plasma flow increased from 554 +/- 30 to 601 +/- 36 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01). Kidney size and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not change significantly. Our results show that raising plasma growth hormone into a range similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetics enhances glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, while kidney size remains unchanged. Increased renal plasma flow is the major determinant of growth hormone induced elevation in glomerular filtration rate. Growth hormone may thus contribute to the enhancement of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow typically found in insulin-dependent diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Monolayer cultures of cells originating from ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsies.

Explantation of small samples of tissue obtained by ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (0.6 mm outer diameter) from intraabdominal solid masses was performed in 25 patients. In 7 cases, the material was taken from nonmalignant tissue and in 18 from malignant lesions. Growth during 30 days or more obtained in 1 of the 7 nonmalignant cases and in 7 of the 18 malignant cases. The morphological appearance of three cultures in monolayer is demonstrated.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Dynamic sonography in the evaluation of jaundice.

The value of dynamic sonography as a screening procedure in 84 jaundiced patients was examined and compared with the clinical evaluation of a blind prospective study. The predictive value of the sonographic diagnosis of obstruction was 97% and 84% in nonobstruction. The corresponding values of the clinical distinction were 87% and 92% respectively. The level of obstruction was demonstrated in 95% and the cause of obstruction was diagnosed in 68%. When the cause of jaundice is uncertain or obstruction is suspected clinically, dynamic sonography can offer high diagnostic accuracy and guidance for invasive investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Transurethral and transrectal ultrasonic scanning in urology.

An ultrasonic scanner is described that can be used for transurethral as well as for transrectal scanning of the bladder, the prostate and the seminal vesicles. Transurethral scanning is performed as an integral part of a cystoscopy procedure, with a small rotating transducer through the cystoscope. Transrectal scanning is done with a larger transducer inside a water-filled balloon inserted into the rectum. We examined 200 patients with the scanner. The bladder was visualized best by the transurethral scanning, while the rectal approach was preferable for examination of the prostate and the seminal vesicles. The method has proved especially useful in staging bladder tumors and prostatic cancer, in estimating prostatic size and in detecting pathology, such as abscesses in the prostate and the seminal vesicles.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Normal inferior vena cava: caliber changes observed by dynamic ultrasound.

A review of the literature revealed conflicting reports on the physiologic variations of the caliber of the normal inferior vena cava as seen by sonography. In this study, 25 normal volunteers were examined using dynamic scanning, and the upper parts of their inferior vena cavas were observed for changes during various phases of respiration as well a Valsalva maneuver. Optimum distension and, therefore, optimum visualization of the inferior vena cava were achieved after simple breath holding or at end expiration. Inspiration and Valsalva maneuver decreased the size of this vessel in most subjects, making if difficult to see.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Renovascular hypertension treated by autotransplantation.

Renal autotransplantation was performed in 16 patients with severe renovascular hypertension. The hypertension was cured in 13 patients, 2 patients were improved and one patient had no benefit. The postoperative function and morphology of the transplanted kidneys remained unchanged. In our view, renal autotransplantation is a valuable method in the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.

Adult↗