PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Gandhi

Publications and source records attributed to J Gandhi.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genetic variants of parvovirus B19 identified in the United Kingdom: implications for diagnostic testing.

BACKGROUND: Discrepant results in diagnostic parvovirus B19 PCR assays have been observed with strains showing nucleotide sequence variation. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN: To perform phylogenetic analysis on two parvovirus B19 strains that gave discrepant PCR results. RESULTS: One strain was found to be genotype 2; the second strain was genotype 3. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus B19 genotypes 2 and 3 strains were identified in diagnostic samples of UK origin following the investigation of discrepant PCR results. More structured investigations are needed to estimate the prevalence of these variants. In the meantime, diagnostic PCR results should be interpreted cautiously when they are at variance with serological testing. Manufacturers of PCR kits for the detection of B19 sequences will need to consider re-designing their primers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Thirteen current anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 enzyme immunoassays: how accurate are they?

The sensitivity and specificity of 13 current anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 screening enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of anti-HIV in human serum or plasma were investigated by testing against a panel of 454 well-characterised serum or plasma specimens. The panel included specimens confirmed to contain anti-HIV-1 (n = 96), anti-HIV-2 (n = 26), or low levels of anti-HIV (n = 44) as well as specimens collected during HIV-1 seroconversion (n = 73). Specimens from unselected blood donors (n = 80) and samples from patients with a range of pathological conditions (n = 135) were also included. Observed sensitivities ranged from 96.9% (Biochrom, UBI, and Vironostika) to 100% (Biotest, Cambridge Biotech, IAF Biochem, Ortho, and Vidas). For the seroconversion specimens, Biotest, Cambridge Biotech, Ortho, and Vidas were most sensitive. Observed specificities ranged from 89.9% (UBI) to 100% (Biochrom and Ortho). One assay (Ortho HIV 1+2 EIA) achieved maximum sensitivity and specificity, and was one of four assays to detect anti-HIV-1 early in seroconversion. The accuracy of several of the other EIAs was also quite adequate, so additional factors such as convenience and cost can be considered when choosing an assay from the group evaluated.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Antibody response and viral excretion after live polio vaccine or a combined schedule of live and inactivated polio vaccines.

A randomized controlled trial was performed in infants undergoing routine immunization in North Hertfordshire. Ninety-six children received a single dose of inactivated polio vaccine, followed by two doses of live attenuated oral polio vaccine and 97 children received three doses of live attenuated oral polio vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. Blood samples were taken by study nurses 6 weeks after vaccination and stool samples were collected by parents weekly for 4 weeks after each dose of vaccine. Follow-up was completed for 92 of 96 (96%) children in the combined schedule group and 92 of 97 (95%) in the control group. After vaccination the proportions of children with detectable antibody to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were high and similar between groups and geometric mean titers (95% confidence interval) to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were 264 (200 to 347), 375 (311 to 450) and 189 (144 to 250) in the combined schedule group and 369 (290 to 469), 401 (321 to 498) and 206 (145 to 293) in the live vaccine group, respectively. The only significant difference between groups in rates of viral excretion was observed after the second dose of live attenuated oral polio vaccine, when excretion of type 3 poliovirus was reduced in those children who had received prior inactivated polio vaccine (P = 0.05). This study suggests that, compared with the current schedule, a combined schedule of inactivated and live poliovaccines is likely to produce equivalent individual protection against poliomyelitis and is unlikely to substantially alter circulation of poliovirus in the community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Heart rate patterns in fetuses exposed to cocaine.

Heart rate patterns of 42 fetuses exposed to cocaine near the time of delivery were compared with patterns in 42 controls. Decreased long-term variability and an increased frequency of contractions were observed more often in the cocaine group (P = .046 and P = .0306, respectively). There were no significant differences in the frequency of fetal tachycardia or decelerations. Although accelerations were less frequent in cocaine-exposed fetuses, the difference compared with controls was not statistically significant. We found no characteristic heart rate pattern in fetuses exposed to cocaine near delivery. The heart rate patterns likely represent the underlying state of fetal oxygenation. Frequent contractions in an unstimulated labor should raise suspicions of maternal cocaine use.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nonstress test prediction of fetal status.

Eighty-six patients were selected from the high-risk group delivered at Lincoln Hospital in New York City, constituting 22% of the total of 3,500 patients delivered. All of them underwent a nonstress test (NST) and oxytocin challenge test (OCT) antepartally and were also monitored during labor. Sixty-six of them had reactive nonstress patterns, all associated with a negative OCT. Three of them who had reduced variability developed late decelerations in labor; only one had a low Apgar score. Nineteen patients had absence of unequivocal accelerations, five associated with a negative OCT. Of these, only one developed late decelerations in labor. Of 14 others with nonreactive or combined positive OCT patterns, 9 developed late decelerations in labor. Two of them who also had reduced variability developed severe late decelerations in early labor, were delivered by cesarean section and had severe perinatal asphyxia. One case of baseline bradycardia was observed, and the patient did well. When reactive, NST appears to be as reliable as a negative OCT as an indicator of antepartum fetal well-being. Labor may be a life-threatening stress for fetuses displaying nonreactive positive OCT patterns with diminished variability.

Female↗