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Biomedical subjects

J Garner

Publications and source records attributed to J Garner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Auckland 1987-90.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 292 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria was determined by a standard agar dilution method. Metronidazole was the most active agent with only one Bacteroides fragilis, two anaerobic cocci, and Propionibacterium acnes being resistant. For B fragilis itself and other members of the B fragilis group: 35/35 (100%) and 43/44 (98%) respectively, were susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid; 47/47 (100%) and 55/56 (98%) respectively, were susceptible to cefoxitin; and 20/28 (71%) and 7/25 (28%) respectively, were susceptible to ceftriaxone. All four agents and penicillin were almost always active against anaerobic cocci and Fusobacterium species. All agents were active against clostridium isolates except for cefoxitin where only 47/57 (82%) were susceptible. These results allow comparison with isolates from other locations and may be considered when choosing an antimicrobial agent for prophylaxis or therapy of anaerobic infections.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1991

Immunolocalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) during murine palatogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

The distribution of epidermal growth factor, the epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha during murine palatogenesis was investigated immunocytochemically. On embryonic day 12 staining for transforming growth factor alpha was present throughout the palatal mesenchyme, with little in the epithelia. On embryonic day 13 staining increased in the palatal epithelia and in the mesenchyme at the tip of the palate. As the palatal shelves fused together (embryonic day 14.5) intense staining for transforming growth factor alpha was seen in the midline epithelial seam and in the subjacent mesenchyme. On embryonic day 15 there was a generalised increase in palatal epithelial staining; this was most marked in the remnants of the degenerating epithelial seam. Mesenchymal staining was, however, uniform. Whilst palatal staining for epidermal growth factor was sparse, at all stages, staining for its receptor was present throughout the palatal epithelia and mesenchyme. This was most intense in the palatal medial edge epithelia at the time of midline epithelial seam degeneration. The regional and temporal differences in staining for the epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha suggested that these molecules may play an important role in normal palate development in vivo, particularly in degeneration of the midline epithelial seam.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Oat bran supplementation for elevated serum cholesterol.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has recommended intensive dietary treatment as first-line therapy for patients with high cholesterol levels. The NHLBI has also encouraged research into the effectiveness and safety of alternative diets and further study of human behavior as it relates to adherence to diets. Based on these recommendations and previous studies suggesting a hypocholesterolemic effect of oat bran dietary supplementation, 16 family practice outpatients with elevated cholesterol levels were enrolled in a 12 week study designed to assess the practicality and effectiveness of adding four oat bran muffins per day to the diet. Subjects were randomized into immediate intervention and delayed intervention groups. The combined group had a significant decrease in total cholesterol of 7.9 percent (p less than .03) and in LDL-cholesterol of 10.1 percent (p less than .03) but there was no significant difference with respect to lipid changes between the immediate group and the delay group when the delay group was serving as a control for the immediate group. The results taken in conjunction with evidence in the literature indicate that the simple addition of oat bran muffins to the diet of certain family practice outpatients is well tolerated and probably effective in lowering serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1990

Babesiosis in a Connecticut resident.

Fewer than 200 confirmed cases of babesiosis have been reported in the last decade. Most cases in the United States have occurred on Cape Cod, Nantucket Island, and Long Island. Babesia microti, a malaria-like protozoan that parasitizes erythrocytes, is responsible for this illness in the United States. Infection is often subclinical but may be fulminant, especially in infants, the elderly, and in asplenic patients. Symptoms are nonspecific, usually consisting of fever and myalgias. Common laboratory abnormalities include evidence of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. We report a case of babesiosis in an elderly male manifested by high fevers, confusion, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Protein changes during anterograde-to-retrograde conversion of axonally transported vesicles.

In the axon tip, cell biological mechanisms convert anterogradely transported membranous elements. To study the effects of these anterograde-to-retrograde (A-R) converting mechanisms on the electrophoretic behaviour of vesicle proteins, we compared the proteins of anterograde vesicles (before A-R conversion at the axon tip) with those of retrograde vesicles (after A-R conversion at the axon tip). The proteins in transported vesicles were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine, and the radiolabeled vesicles were concentrated by ligating the axons-anterograde vesicles accumulate selectively on the proximal side of the ligature and retrograde vesicles accumulate on the distal side of the ligature. Analyses of vesicle proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) show that most of the anterograde proteins were also present in the retrograde vesicles. In addition to the conservation of these anterograde proteins in the retrograde vesicles, there were also many differences: some anterograde proteins were diminished in the retrograde vesicles, other anterograde proteins were absent from the retrograde vesicles, and the retrograde vesicles contained some new protein bands that were not present in the anterograde vesicles. These results indicate that A-R converting mechanisms modify membranous vesicle proteins in the axon tip. We propose that some of these post-translational protein modifications change the directional code on the vesicle surfaces, thereby converting anterograde membranous elements into retrograde membranous elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The tangible cost implications of a hospital outbreak of multiply-resistant Salmonella.

A hospital outbreak of multiply-resistant Salmonella heidelberg infection, which affected 17 patients and 2 staff, is described. The tangible cost of the outbreak was estimated at 21 pounds 151, 17 pounds 989 (85.1%) of which was borne by the hospital. The cost to the Microbiology Department was 3596 pounds (17.0% of the total). A detailed analysis of the costs and implications for staffing disruption is given and a comparison is made with the costs of preventive activities. Ways of containing expenses in the event of an outbreak and the economic implications for clinical budgeting and privatization of the laboratory service are considered.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Feasibility of screening all neonates for hearing loss.

We investigated the feasibility and cost of screening all neonates for hearing loss using the auditory response cradle (ARC). At least three full time staff are needed to screen 95% of the 3000 infants delivered each year including those in intensive care. Estimated costs per case detected are between pounds 3000 and pounds 6000 but true costs may be higher.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Risk of AIDS for recipients of blood components from donors who subsequently developed AIDS.

Reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Francisco as of March 31, 1986, include 92 individuals who had donated blood subsequent to 1978. Their donated blood components had been transfused into 406 different recipients. The current status of 336 of these recipients was ascertained as of April 1, 1986. Of these, 223 had died at the time of our first contact, almost all as a result of the condition for which they were transfused. Seven had developed AIDS; five of these died, two before entry into the study and three subsequently. Forty-six additional living recipients were interviewed and evaluated. Seven had the AIDS-related complex, 18 had antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but were otherwise healthy, and 19 had no detectable anti-HIV. Two had risk factors other than transfusion. The frequency of infection of the recipient decreased as the time interval between transfusion and the diagnosis of AIDS in the donor increased. This information should be useful when counseling patients who have been transfused with blood components from donors later found to be infected with HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗