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Biomedical subjects

J Garza Flores

Publications and source records attributed to J Garza Flores.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Comparative study on the efficacy and acceptability of two contraceptive pills administered by the vaginal route: an international multicenter clinical trial.

The efficacy and acceptability of two widely used oral contraceptive tablets, one containing 250 mg levonorgestrel and 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and the other containing 150 micrograms desogestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol, administered by the vaginal route were compared in 1055 women studied over 12,630 woman-months of vaginal contraceptive pill use. This multicenter clinical trial was performed in nine countries of the developing world by the "South to South Cooperation in Reproductive Health," an organization founded by scientists from the Third World working in the area of reproductive health, and the study was developed and coordinated by one of these centers. The findings of this study confirm the efficacy of both these tablets when administered by the vaginal route. Involuntary pregnancy rates at 1 year of 2.78 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 4.54 for subjects the desogestrel group showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, total discontinuation rates of 47.01 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 56.33 for subjects in the desogestrel group showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, and discontinuation rates attributable to prolonged bleeding of 0.6 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 3.2 for subjects in the desogestrel group were also significantly higher in the group of subjects using the desogestrel vaginal contraceptive pill. Blood pressure remained at admission values throughout treatment. A statistically significant weight increase from admission values occurred in both groups of subjects.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear translocation of estradiol receptors by the in vivo administration of norethisterone: an alternate mechanism for gonadotropin inhibition.

In order to investigate the anti-gonadotropic effect of norethisterone (NET) in long-term ovariectomized rats, we studied the interaction of this synthetic progestin with intracellular steroid receptors in the anterior pituitary by a nuclear exchange assay. The results demonstrated that the administration of NET to long-term ovariectomized rats resulted in nuclear translocation of estradiol cytosol receptors in the pituitary and uterus with a rate of accumulation and nuclear retention being similar in both tissues. Accumulation of nuclear estradiol receptors in the pituitary was in agreement with the rate of LH inhibition in NET-treated rats. The results presented in this communication may explain the anti-gonadotropic activity of NET in long-term ovariectomized rats in addition to its well known progestational activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long acting hormonal contraception].

Long-acting hormonal contraception has been widely accepted in different cultures, where the use of injectables and implants is preferred over other methods of fertility control. The administration of synthetic progestogens in combination with estrogens as injectables suppresses ovulation, allowing the control of the endometrial bleeding too. The use of injectables containing only progesterone constitutes a 2 to 6 months contraceptive method with high effectiveness and easy administration, although its major disadvantage is the alteration of the endometrial bleeding pattern, which is the most common cause of discontinuation. The group of long-acting injectables includes the development of microencapsulated steroids, whose structure gives them the property of maintaining controlled liberation of the drug. Recently subdermal contraceptive implants (Norplant) have appeared, based on the subcutaneous sustained liberation of levonorgestrel. The daily drug dose is enough to inhibit ovulation in the initial months of use and modifies the cervical mucus in the subsequent months. Norplant has been shown to be efficient in preventing pregnancy, but main secondary effect is bleeding pattern disturbance during the menstrual cycle. The Capronor constitutes a new system of contraceptive implant which is different from Norplant, where the capsules containing levonorgestrel are of unbiodegradable material, and Capronor is formed by a biodegradable polimerus. Finally, among the contraceptive methods that have been developed to date there are the vaginal rings; these rings are silastic made and allow a continuous release of levonorgestrel or progestins.

Algestone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of prostaglandins in the antihypertensive effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril].

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) generates angiotensin II and is also capable of degrading bradykinin into inactive peptides. It has been suggested that the effects of ACE inhibitors are partially mediated by increased prostaglandin synthesis induced by a simultaneous rise in bradykinin. Captopril increases PG excretion and indomethacin (INDO) attenuates its effects. Enalapril is a long acting ACE inhibitor, and its molecule does not have the sulphydryl group present in captopril. In order to evaluate the participations of PG in a the ENA effects of enalapril (ENA) on arterial pressure (AP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (ALDO) and renal hemodynamics (RH) in essential hypertension (EHT), we compared the effects of ENA alone and associated with INDO. Nine EHT patients received on different occasions: ENA 10 mg, INDO 25 mg and ENA-INDO. Arterial pressure, PGE2, ALDO, PRA, RH and plasma and urinary ENA as enalaprylate were measured after each treatment. Maximal ENA absorption occurred after 4 hours, however it was still detectable after 72 hr. ENA decreased AP after 6 hr in spite of unchanged PGE2 excretion; PRA did not change and ALDO decreased transiently. INDO delayed ENA absorption, slightly attenuated the fall in AP and suppressed PGE2 excretion when given with ENA. INDO alone suppressed PGE2 and did not alter AP. No significant changes occurred in RH with the treatments. Our results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of ENA is independent of PG, and that the slight attenuation induced by INDO may be attributed to a delay in intestinal absorption. In EHT patients under normovolemic conditions, renal function is not altered by ACE inhibition.

Adult↗