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Biomedical subjects

J Ge

Publications and source records attributed to J Ge.

213 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Experimental evaluation of the accuracy and safety of intraluminal ultrasound].

In this in vitro investigation, we studied the feasibility and accuracy as well as the safety of intravascular ultrasound imaging. Plastic cylinders were used in order to validate measurements of luminal area, perimeter, diameter, and wall thickness. Fifty-nine segments of human arteries were also examined by intravascular ultrasound; then the results regarding the luminal area, perimeter, and wall thickness were compared with the corresponding histopathologic section. Close correlations were found in plastic cylinder studies (r = 0.999, 0.999, 0.998, and 0.994 for area, perimeter, diameter, and wall thickness, respectively). There was also an excellent correlation between intravascular ultrasound imaging and pathologic measurements (r = 0.993, 0.994, and 0.915 for luminal area, perimeter, and wall thickness). Five different cylinders, with a volume of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mls, were employed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound on temperature. Ten blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA were used to detect the effects of ultrasound on blood elements. In the course of time, the ultrasound caused a slight increase of solution temperature (from 23.9 degrees C to 24.6 degrees C after 1-h examination in a 2-ml cylinder) and the temperature change became less obvious as the solution volume increased (the temperature raised 0.3 degrees C in the 2-ml cylinder, 0.1 degrees C in the 20-ml cylinder, but no change was detectable in the 50-ml cylinder after 10 min). No significant differences about WBC, RBC, and platelet counts were found between test and control group (p greater than 0.1) before and 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after ultrasound examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1991

A preliminary study of short-term efficacy of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy in patients with primary angle closed glaucoma.

Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used for the peripheral iridotomy in 68 cases (80 eyes) of primary angle closed glaucoma. The average number of laser shots is 20.5 (1-127 shots), and the average shot energy is 2.5 mJ (0.9-5.6 mJ). The successful rate of iris penetration is about 97.6%. The size of the iris hole is not smaller than 0.2 mm2. The kind of the iris is the most important factor that causes the marked variation in laser shots and in laser shot energy. The main complications of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy present as transient IOP elevation and iris bleeding. Increase in IOP most occurs within two hours after the laser therapy. The iris bleeding was seen in about 39% of the patients, but this iris bleeding is slight and very minor and tend to stop spontaneously. On the other hand, no correlation was found among the IOP elevation, laser shot, and laser shot energy. The causes and management of the IOP elevation after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy was discussed in detail. The authors believe that this newer treatment has immediate benefit for the patients with narrow-angle or angle-closure glaucoma, but many problems still remain to be investigated.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Successful replantation in ten-digit complete amputations.

The authors report a case of successful replantation of all fingers in a ten-finger complete amputation. Among the factors responsible for the successful outcome were an adequate number of microsurgically-trained resident surgeons and staff, good organization and supervision by senior staff, emphasis on precision and perseverance in the operative procedures, and postoperative management. Follow-up is 15 months, and the patient now has a pair of functionally and cosmetically good hands.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parents' perceptions of randomization in pediatric clinical trials. Children Cancer Group.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' knowledge and perceptions about randomization in clinical trials for children with cancer, and to determine whether parents' decisions were influenced by demographic factors, randomization circumstances, the clinical characteristics of the child with cancer, or a combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study collected information from 192 parents of patients with various forms of childhood cancer who either accepted or refused randomization. A comparative case-control design was used. The Clinical Investigation Randomization Scale was administered to all participants. This scale included 32 questionnaire items (QIs) pertaining to randomization as well as a mixture of open-ended questions to obtain information about demographic and other factors. RESULTS: A predictor model was developed that accurately predicted acceptance or refusal of randomization 87% of the time. Demographic information was found to have less influence than expected on parents' decisions regarding randomization. Knowledge deficits were found among both groups of parents, those who accepted and those who refused randomization. CONCLUSIONS: What most distinguished parents who refused from those who accepted randomization was not their knowledge and information about randomized clinical trials. By far, the majority of QIs that accurately predicted acceptors and refusers involved parents' beliefs, values, and perceptions. Further research is needed to determine interventions that may enable the healthcare team to provide information and decisional support most effectively to improve the informed consent process.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central venous catheter use and the risk of infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.

PURPOSE: To describe patterns of central venous catheter (CVC) use and determine the risk of infection associated with a catheter in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children with ALL (n = 1934), participating in Children's Cancer Group studies for good-prognosis ALL (CCG-1881) and intermediate-risk ALL (CCG-1891) were evaluated in a retrospective case-control study. The presence of a catheter and the occurrence of infectious complications were recorded after each treatment phase. RESULTS: Young age and enrollment in the intermediate-risk study were associated with higher rates of catheter use. During each of the first four phases of therapy, the adjusted risk of infection was two- to fourfold higher when a catheter was in place. The proportion of patients with infection during the first four phases of therapy was 2.6 times higher with a CVC (14.4% versus 5.7%). Catheter use was associated with significantly increased hospitalization rates during induction, consolidation, and interim maintenance, but not during delayed intensification. A catheter did not significantly increase the risk of fever during neutropenia. CONCLUSION: The presence of a CVC increases the risk of infection during the early phases of low-intensity therapy for ALL.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monoclonal antibodies, antigens and molecular diagnostics: a practical overview.

The development of monoclonal antibody-based immunochemical assays to measure antibodies, antigens and small molecules, such as drugs, ushered in a revolution in modern diagnostic medicine. The impact of monoclonal antibodies on diagnostic imaging technologies and therapeutic regimes was equally dramatic. Additionally, the application of immunological techniques to the biochemical research lab was partially responsible for the exponential growth in our understanding of human physiology, biochemistry and genetics. Monoclonal antibody technology is limited, however, by the manner in which antigen-antibody interactions can be controlled and by the ability to consistently produce antibodies with appropriate affinity and specificity. Recent advances in recombinant antigen preparation and antibody engineering have been used to enhance the applications of this technology. In this review, current strategies to generate and engineer monoclonal antibodies as well as their clinical applications are summarized. A brief review of molecular diagnostics and its future trend is also included.

Animals↗