PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Giangiacomo

Publications and source records attributed to J Giangiacomo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Optociliary veins and visual prognosis after central retinal vein occlusion.

The effect of acquired optociliary veins on visual acuity after ischemic central retinal vein occlusion in patients 45 years of age or older was assessed retrospectively. Fundus photographs and medical records of 21 patients, 45 years of age or older, with photographically documented central retinal vein occlusion and at least six-months follow-up were analyzed. Eleven of 21 patients developed acquired optociliary veins. Patients with acquired optociliary veins were more likely to experience stable or improved visual acuity (nine of 11 patients) than were patients without them (four of ten patients) over a mean follow-up period of 30 months (P = .049).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Sequential cranial computed tomography in infants with retinal hemorrhages.

Five whiplash-shaken infants presented initially with lethargy, vomiting, irritability, and intraocular hemorrhage and had sequential cranial computed tomography (CT). In three of the five infants, results of the initial CT scans of the head were either normal or demonstrated subtle abnormalities. However, significant subdural hemorrhages which were demonstrated by subdural aspiration developed subsequently in all three infants. Results of repeat CTs of the head showed progressive ventricular dilation and symmetrical bilateral fronto-parietal subdural hematomas. The retinal hemorrhages preceded both the clinical and radiologic recognition of subdural hematoma. Results of the initial head CT of the remaining two children showed intracerebral hemorrhages, cerebral edema and subsequently subdural hematoma. The finding of unexplained retinal hemorrhages in some infants, even though the initial CT head scan may show only minimal changes, warrants monitoring of the head circumference, fundus, and repeat head CT as indicated.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

Corneal rupture following radial keratotomy in cats subjected to BB gun injury.

We performed this investigation to determine if radial keratotomy (RK) predisposes an eye to rupture when exposed to projectile trauma. Radial keratotomy was performed on 22 cat eyes; 17 eyes were used as controls. Incision depth was set at 90% by averaging ten corneal thickness readings by ultrasonic pachymetry of each cornea. An optical zone of 4.0 mm was used and eight incisions were made. Eight weeks after RK the cats were divided into three groups, subjected respectively to BB velocities of 148.5 ft/sec (N = 4), 190 ft/sec (N = 5), and 240 ft/sec (N = 13). In groups 1 and 2, all nine eyes had hyphemas and no eyes perforated. In group 3, four of 13 RK eyes had corneal rupture. All control eyes had hyphemas and none ruptured. The study suggests that RK can predispose to rupture eyes exposed to projectile trauma sufficient to produce hyphema.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Histopathology of triamcinolone in the subconjunctiva.

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was injected subconjunctivally in nine human eyes one week before trabeculectomy. A biopsy specimen of conjunctiva and subconjunctiva was obtained from the site of drug injection, as well as a site 6 mm from the injection at the time of trabeculectomy. The tissue was evaluated by electron microscopy. TA was similarly injected subconjunctivally in ten normal rabbit eyes. For control purposes, six eyes were injected with the vehicle. Five animals were euthanized at one and two weeks post-injection and subconjunctival biopsy specimens from the drug site, at the margin of the drug site, and 180 degrees away from the drug site were subsequently examined by light and electron microscopy. At the drug site in both humans and rabbits, the subconjunctival fibroblasts were necrotic, the collagen fibers were altered in appearance, and there was infiltration of macrophages. The control site was unremarkable. These local morphologic changes may explain, in part, the mechanism(s) of action of injected TA.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inflammatory response to viscoelastic materials.

Healon, Amvisc, or Viscoat was injected into the corneal stroma of 36 normal rabbit eyes. Twelve additional rabbit eyes were used as controls by performing a sham procedure. Twelve rabbits were euthanized at one day and the remainder seven days after injection. The eyes were enucleated and examined by light microscopy. No control eyes had detectable inflammation. Only Viscoat produced mild inflammation at seven days, but this was statistically significant only at p = 0.182. There appears to be little difference in the inflammatory response of these three viscoelastic substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of preoperative subconjunctival triamcinolone administration on glaucoma filtration. I. Trabeculectomy following subconjunctival triamcinolone.

Trabeculectomies were performed on 15 eyes because of uncontrolled glaucoma despite the maximum use of tolerated antiglaucoma medication. We considered all of these eyes to be at increased risk for episcleral cicatricial closure for one of the following reasons: neonatal glaucoma, a patient of age 40 years or less, previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery, or aphakia. A standard operation was performed except that triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg) was injected subconjunctivally at the intended trabeculectomy site one week before surgery in 12 eyes, the day of surgery in two eyes, and two days prior to surgery in one eye. During the follow-up period of six to 16 months, 14 of 15 eyes had an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 18 mm Hg or less. The average IOP for these 14 eyes was 12.4 +/- 4.6 (mean +/- 1 SD), and only three of the 14 required any antiglaucoma medication. One eye was a surgical failure. All eyes with controlled IOP had diffuse microcystic filtration blebs by slitlamp examination. The postoperative visual acuity was within one line of the preoperative level in all eyes, except for the one failure. The use of triamcinolone did not appear to add any additional risks to the surgical procedure or to the postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pseudopapilledema and macrocephaly in a child.

A seven-year old female with primary megalencephaly and pseudopapilledema has been followed for over four consecutive years. Physical examinations of the patient and her family, funduscopic photography, and fluorescein angiography have failed to identify the etiology of her pseudopapilledema. Macrocephaly and pseudopapilledema have been seen in association in only one previous report to our knowledge. The importance of distinguishing pseudopapilledema from true papilledema in children with large heads is reviewed.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Descemet's membrane detachment by sodium hyaluronate.

The inadvertent injection of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) just anterior to Descemet's membrane during an extracapsular cataract extraction resulted in a corneal opacity. No extraordinary measures were taken to remove this substance. The opacity resolved over five months, with a final visual acuity of 20/25 and a reduction in specular microscopic cell density from 2,600 to 2,100/sq mm. Sodium hyaluronate was injected in an analogous manner into eight rabbit corneas. The eyes were enucleated, and histologic sections were examined 1, 5, 9, and 14 days later. Sodium hyaluronate injected just anterior to Descemet's membrane was found to incite an acute mild granulocytic response, which is followed by a macrophage invasion and ingestion of this substance. We recommend a conservative approach when the central portion of Descemet's membrane is detached by sodium hyaluronate during anterior segment surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dominant CHARGE association.

We had the opportunity to examine eight individuals in four generations of a family with dominant CHARGE association. In three generations there were five affected individuals. The 25-year old male proband had coloboma of the iris, retina and optic disc, mental retardation, hypogonadism, malformed ears, and mixed hearing loss. His 19-year old sister had colobomas of the retina, choroid, and disc, mental retardation and malformed ears. The mother of these two individuals had coloboma of the retina, choroid, and optic disc, dull mentality, and mixed hearing loss. The proband's maternal grandmother had peripapillary staphylomatous changes of the disc, mixed hearing loss, and malformed protruding ears. The proband's maternal uncle had mental retardation, hypogonadism, mixed hearing loss, protruding ears, but no colobomas. All of the affected individuals had a distinct configuration to the midface, including malar hypoplasia, prominent nasal columnella and a long nasal philtrum. The inheritance of the CHARGE association in this family would appear to be autosomal dominant. However, as the males have not reproduced, it is not possible to rule out X-linked dominant inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Dermal and glomerular deposition of IgA in anaphylactoid purpura.

During the period of acute anaphylactoid purpura, skin biopsies were performed on 14 patients with purpuric and nonpurpuric skin. In addition, four patients had renal biopsies. Examination of the tissue by immunofluorescence to anti-human immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE, fibrin/fibrinogen, complement Clq, C4, and C3 demonstrated predominant IgA, C3, fibrin/fibrinogen in the purpuric skin and glomerulus, without Clq and C4. These immunohistochemical findings are characteristic of anaphylactoid purpura and suggest that IgA is involved in the pathogenesis of anaphylactoid purpura and may operate through the alternate pathway of the complement system.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome with prolonged anuria.

Total cessation of urine formation beyond 4 days with ultimate survival is a rare occurrence. A child with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome was anuric for 27 days and renal function improved. the metabolic effects of acute renal failure require careful control of water and electrolyte balance and, when indicated, peritoneal and/or hemodialysis until renal function returns.

Anuria↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria.

The most common cause of sudden and total cessation of urine output is obstructive uropathy, usually at the bladder outlet. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is a much less common cause of anuria. In additioh, unilateral obstruction in the presence of a solitary kidney must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Primary renal parenchymal disorders and pre-renal azotemia occasionally may be anuric but more commonly are oliguric. A case of unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria and obstruction of the solitary kidney is described.

Anuria↗
PubMed1975

Serum immunoglobulins in the nephrotic syndrome. A possible cause of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome.

To assess immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (INS), serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in 37 children with this syndrome and compared with those found in 36 with nephrotic syndrome secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Serum IgG and IgA levels were significantly reduced in nephrotic patients with either INS or CGN, IgG averaging 18.5 and 25.9 per cent of normal (P less than 0.001) and IgA 59.8 and 44.1 per cent of normal (P less than 0.01) respectively. Values increased after treatment of INS with prednisone, but mean values remained low. Serum IgM concentrations in INS averaged more than twice normal before, during, and after successful treatment with steroids. Patients with CGN did not have equivalent elevations of serum IgM. Thus, the primary defect in INS may be immunologic and could consist of deficiency in the T-cell function that mediates conversion of IgM synthesis to IgG synthesis.

Animals↗