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Biomedical subjects

J Giesecke

Publications and source records attributed to J Giesecke.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Heterosexual contact as a major route for transmission of acute hepatitis B among adults.

Possible routes for transmission of acute hepatitis B were studied retrospectively in 78 consecutive adult patients seen at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Roslagstull Hospital in Stockholm. Sexual transmission was found to be a major route of transmission, being more common than intravenous drug abuse. A single possible route of transmission was found in 66/78 (84%) patients. Eleven of the 78 patients (14%) had two possible routes, sexual contact being one. Overall sexual contact possibly accounted for 53% of all cases of hepatitis B, homosexual contact being responsible for only 10%. Cases reported earlier as being of unknown origin or associated with a recent visit abroad or to be 'social contact cases' are probably most often due to heterosexual transmission. Seven patients (9%) were heterosexually infected by persons who had been recently receiving medical care for hepatitis B. Seven sexually transmitted cases of acute clinical hepatitis B secondary to the patients studied were seen also. These findings show that sexual transmission, mainly heterosexual, is a major route for transmission of hepatitis B in a western society. They also emphasise the importance of taking an adequate sexual history as a prerequisite for providing effective prophylaxis for sexual partners of patients with acute hepatitis B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The influence of age on the latency period to AIDS in people infected by HIV through blood transfusion.

We collected information on the development of clinical signs and laboratory results from a cohort of 58 people infected with HIV through blood transfusion. The observation time ranged from 36 to 100 months. Belonging to the older age group at the time of transfusion was found to be an important factor for rapid progression to AIDS. Sex or physical health at the time of transfusion did not influence the latency period.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Incubation time of AIDS: progression of disease in a cohort of HIV-infected homo- and bisexual men with known dates of infection.

The time from infection with HIV to symptoms and AIDS is an important parameter in describing the natural course of HIV infection. We here describe disease progression in a group of 389 homo- and bisexual men. Of these 102 had known dates of infection, and during an average follow-up time of 31 months (range 2-108), 28 of these progressed from being symptom-free (CDC group II and III) to having some symptom from CDC group IV; 7 progressed to AIDS. By life-table analysis, the estimated average time from seroconversion to first symptom is approximately 5 years and to AIDS approximately 8 years. Very few patients are diagnosed with AIDS the first 2 years after infection, but after that the risk seems to be 5-10% per year. Increasing use of anti-HIV medication will render studies of this kind difficult in the future.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of symptoms and AIDS in 146 Swedish haemophiliacs and blood transfusion recipients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

The times from infection with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of the first clinical symptom and the development of AIDS were studied prospectively in 98 haemophiliacs and 48 blood transfusion recipients infected with the virus. Patients were followed up for a median of 61 months after infection, the dates of infection being either known exactly or estimated from the interval between the last negative and first positive HIV antibody test result. The rate of progression to AIDS was significantly higher for the transfusion recipients than for the haemophiliacs. The difference in time to the occurrence of the first clinical symptom was less pronounced between the two groups, though pointing in the same direction. The results suggest that on average roughly half of all patients positive for HIV will develop some clinical sign or symptom within five to six years after infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

HIV infectivity--the hepatitis B lesson.

The probability of acquiring an HIV infection through different types of risk behaviour is not well known. For prognoses on the future spread of the infection some knowledge of these probabilities is of vital importance. While they may be difficult to ascertain directly, comparison with better known diseases that are transmitted in a similar fashion might give some indication. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) shares many routes of transmission with HIV. We here propose a model, where the parallel seroconversion to HBV and HIV in a cohort of homosexual men is used to estimate the relative infectivities of the two diseases. For homosexual contacts HBV seems to be about 10 times as contagious as HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Acyclovir treatment in infectious mononucleosis: a clinical and virological study.

Fifty-six patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis who had not been ill for more than seven days, were randomised for peroral treatment with acyclovir (800 mg five times daily) or placebo for seven days in a double blind trial. Clinical, virological and immunological parameters were monitored in each patient for six months. During treatment, shedding of Epstein-Barr virus' as assessed in 36 patients, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). However, virus production in the oropharynx returned to pre-treatment levels one week after the cessation of therapy. Virus was detected in 35 patients at enrollment and in 28 of 36 patients at the six-month control. No effect on the clinical course of the disease was noticed. The virus-specific antibody response was also unaffected. A significant reduction in spontaneous outgrowth of in vivo Epstein-Barr virus-infected B-lymphocytes was found at 180 days after treatment in four acyclovir-treated patients compared to six controls (p less than 0.001). In another three patients with over-whelming clinical symptoms causing airway obstruction and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, treatment with intravenous acyclovir (10 mg/kg three times daily) was combined with prednisolone (0.7 mg/kg daily) for ten days. Virus shedding ceased transiently during treatment, but returned to initial levels within one week. A dramatic clinical effect on the pharyngeal oedema and general health of the two patients with airway obstruction was noticed, but was much less evident in a patient with intravascular coagulopathy.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1986

Toxic shock syndrome after augmentation mammaplasty.

Toxic shock syndrome was first described in children in 1978. Two years later the strong connection between this disease and the colonization of vaginal tampons with certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus was noted. Even from the earliest descriptions, however, it has been clear that the same clinical picture may be caused by staphylococcal infections elsewhere, and that the presence of foreign materials in the body is not mandatory. We describe a patient with toxic shock syndrome after augmentation mammaplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Short-term and long-term therapy with slow-release ISDN. Echographic, vector cardiographic and ergometric findings (author's transl)].

The effect of slow-release isosorbide dinitrate (Maycor retard) on the myocard was investigated in a short-term study (single dose of 20 mg slow-release ISDN) and in a long-term study (2 X 20 mg slow-release ISDN daily) in 10 patients with coronary heart disease. The parameters assessed were heart rate, blood pressure and skin temperature at rest, load ECG, orthogonal ECG and VCG by computer and UCG echocardiography. The reductions of diastolic and systolic ventricular diameter are statistically significant in the short-term and long-term trials. The ejection time decreases. The velocity of circumferential fiber shortening as a measure of myocardial contractility increases highly significantly. R peak and T wave amplitude in the Y lead change significantly. These findings can be interpreted as an expression of improved myocardial tension and a normalization of the contraction and relaxation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic characteristics of two different populations of women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and their male partners.

Two groups of women under the age of 26 with chlamydial infection (A-asymptomatic women from a screening program, B-traditional STD clinic patients) and their partners were compared with respect to history of STD, sexual behavior, contraception, and indices for income and social welfare expense. The mean number of partners was 1.3 in group A and 1.8 in group B. Women in group B, in spite of more frequent condom use, demonstrated greater risk behavior both with respect to STD and to unwanted pregnancy and also had higher indices for social welfare expense. More group A partners than group B partners were asymptomatic and chlamydia negative. Group B partners also more often had low income as well as high social welfare expense indices. In both groups, complicated chains of transmission were found, and the need for expert contact tracing in both types of patient groups is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice of sexual partner according to rate of partner change and social class of the partners.

Models for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, rely on sexual partner mixing patterns in the population. From data acquired through partner notification for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis among young people in Gothenburg, Sweden, it was possible to construct contact matrices for the variables 'rate of partner change' and 'social class' of the partners in pair formations. These matrices show a restricted mixing between these two variables for young heterosexual women. Therefore random mixing models will probably overestimate rate of spread and possibly final size of an epidemic of a sexually transmitted disease.

Adolescent↗