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Biomedical subjects

J Ginet

Publications and source records attributed to J Ginet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Physical and sports activities and aging: how to delay the state of dependence].

The ageing is a daily physical activity's reduction and after 80 years can led to dependence. The physiological factors of this evolution are: reduction of striated muscular mass, reduction of cardiac output, reduction of VO2 max from 50 ml.min-1.kg-1 at 30 years to 20 ml.min-1.kg-1 at 80 years. On average the reduction of moving functional capacity in 10% by decade. The studies show in fact that the half of reduction is due to ageing, and the other half to sedentary life. The lower limit is 15 ml.min-1.kg-1, threshold of dependence; it is an expensive and irreversible stage. To slow down the dependent people's number, it is one alone way: physical and sports activity in endurance from 55 years. With these exercise and method, the dependence is put back 10 or 20 years for anyone. We prevent the fact that we do not know cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a protein-sparing diet on responses to exercise in obese subjects.

We have studied muscular work efficiency and VO2 peak in seven obese individuals (body mass index: 38.9 +/- 5.8 kg.m-2) before and after twelve days of a low-caloric diet (protein-sparing modified fast) providing about 2460 kJ/day. Respiratory gas exchanges were measured at rest and during an exercise protocol through a rubber mask connected to a pneumotachograph and a mass spectrometer. A significant reduction in body mass was observed with the diet therapy (109 +/- 12 vs 105 +/- 14 kg; p < 0.02). No significant differences were observed in VO2 peak (1.78 +/- 0.32 vs 1.88 +/- 0.43 l/min, p > 0.05) and work efficiency (26 +/- 5 vs 24 +/- 4%, p > 0.05), after the diet protocol. It is concluded that the low-caloric diet used had no effect on muscular work efficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Poor tolerance of exertion during sports and bronchial hyperreactivity].

135 sportsmen and women, 55 girls, 80 boys, aged from 7 to 30 years, from various sports, who complained of bad tolerance of exertion were examined with an exercise test and isocapnic spontaneous hyperventilation. 61, about 45%, during a hyperventilation test had a fall of V.E.M.S. greater than or equal to 20%, showing bronchial hyperreactivity. After three tests, this fall index was greater than or equal to 50%. 68% of the positive responses were seen in boys and 2/3 of the subjects with a positive response were atopics. No other argument could be maintained from the questioning or clinical history to predict the positive or negative character of the hyperventilation (age, sporting level, symptoms, previous asthma or asthmatic, allergy). H.S.V.I. of the chests of a sporting population that complains of exertion intolerance, therefore allows verification of an H.R.B. assessment of its severity and to follow evolution after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Measurement by mass spectrometry of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in mechanically ventilated patients].

The authors present a technique of VO2 and VCO2 measurements by a non invasive method in mechanically ventilated patients. Inspirated and expirated gas are sampled respectively in the inspiratory limb of the patient's breathing circuit and in a mixing chamber. Gas samples are analysed by mass spectrometry in the laboratory. Expiratory flow rate is determined by the ventilator flowmeter. To evaluate this procedure the authors have studied the stability of the inspirated and expirated gas samples and the reproductibility of measurements. In a patient with respiratory and haemodynamic stable status this method measures VO2 within 8,2% and VCO2 within 7%.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1982

[Study of the effects of isaxonine on retrograde axon degeneration induced by vincristine in man (author's transl)].

Fifteen patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined before and after each administration of vincristine sulfate (2 intravenous injections of 1.4 mg/m2 of body surface, during the first week of each month for 3 months). Moreover, each patient received daily, according to a double blind protocol, either 4 capsules of 375 mg of isaxonine, either 4 capsules filled with lactose used as placebo. At the end of treatment, analysis revealed that 8 subjects were given isaxonine and 7 the placebo. Motor, sensory and reflex conduction velocities, amplitudes of potentials evoked by stimulating motor, cutaneous sensory, or primary afferent fibres, were determined in each electrophysiological examination session. The data and pecularly those obtained from reflex studies, show a significant lesser degree of distal axonal degeneration, in patients receiving a placebo. These results support evidence for a protective effect of the drug against vincristine induced peripheral nerve lesions.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1982

[Electroclinical aspects of intramuscular methohexital anesthesia in children].

Intramuscular methohexital is used in children for short-term anaesthesia. As a seizure was observed in two of our cases after administration of this barbiturate, an EEG study was performed. The EEG pattern was characterized by a particularly slow, sharp, high voltage stage with a decrease of fast rhythms (stage 3a), then fast and sharp rhythms becoming more and more frequent (stage 3b). These stages were particularly pronounced and prolonged in children over 3 years of age, with myoclonic jerks observed in 6 cases, beginning about 3 min after methohexital injection and at the same time as the clinical seizures. These results are discussed in terms of previously reported descriptions of barbiturate anaesthesia, and especially of i.m. or i.v. methohexital anaesthesia. This anaesthetic, although reliable and easy to use, should in our opinion be avoided in epileptic children.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

Early phase of vincristine neuropathy in man. Electrophysiological evidence for a dying-back phenomenon, with transitory enhancement of spinal transmission of the monosynaptic reflex.

Ten patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined before and after each administration of vincristine sulfate (2 intravenous injections of 1.4 mg/m2 of body surface during the first week of each month for 3 months). The motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve, the conduction velocity in palmar sensory fibres of the median nerve, and the conduction velocity in the H reflex pathway remained unchanged. The amplitude of distal muscle (extensor digitorum brevis) and sensory nerve (median) potentials decreased, while the maximal response of more proximal muscles (soleus) was not significantly modified. The soleus T response quickly decreased, although at the same time the H response was increased in the days following administration of vincristine. Thus the T/H ratio seems to be the only convenient electrophysiological method of evaluating the functional impairment of primary afferent distal segments. These results show that vincristine induces a transitory excitability enhancement of the monosynaptic reflex. It is suggested that the drug may cause an increase in the firing rate in proximal segments of injured Ia fibres. Apart from this phenomenon the electrophysiological results lead to the conclusion that vincristine induces distal axonal degeneration, similar to that in other toxic neuropathies (e.g. acrylamide or n-hexane) where a dying-back process has been clearly demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Correlations between effort tolerance and the severity of coronary disease. Influence of myocardial lesions].

The influence of coronary and myocardial lesions, defining the severity of the coronary artery disease on effort tolerance was studied in 51 patients. The appearances of the coronary arteriography and ventriculography were compared with the parameters of exercise tolerance: electrocardiographic changes, maximal charge (Cw), total work (TW), maximal systolic arterial pressure (SAP), maximal heart rate, percentage of the theoretical maximal heart rate, double product, exercise capacity index (CEI). The results showed that exercise tolerance (Cw, TW, ECI) and the exercise SAP are mainly affected by the myocardial lesions: patients with very reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and double or triple artery disease have very low indices: average Cw of 60 watts, TW less than 20,000 joules, ECI approximately 50. The SAP only rises slightly. On the other hand, patients with normal or subnormal ejection fractions have much higher indices whatever the state of their coronary arteries; Cw over 80 watts, TW over 30,000 joules, ECI over 80. In addition, major left ventricular dysfunction is associated with ST segment elevation during exercise.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1976

[Compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney. I. - Search for the existence of a renal inhibitory substance (author's transl)].

In view of the theory of autoregulation of cell multiplication in a growth organ, we attempted to inhibit renal tubular cell hyperplasia in the remaining kidney 48 hours after controlateral nephrectomy. To do this we drew up a method of measurement of hyperplasia by measuring the rate of uptake of tritiated thymidine in the organ undergoing compensatory growth. We then injected renal cytosol. Whereas the rate of uptake of tritiated thymidine doubles in the growing kidney compared with control animals, the intravenous administration of renal cytosol reduces the renal uptake of the tracer to its basal level. We correlated this observation with the microscopic count of mitotic figures, and noted the existence of parallel fluctuations. Our results seem to support the initial working hypothesis but they do not exclude the possibility of a more complex regulatory mechanism in which serum stimulant factors may also play a role.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Compensatory renal hypertrophy. II. - Search for a serum stimulant factor (author's transl)].

In order to demonstrate in the uninephrectomised rat possible circulating serum factors which might induce an increase in the rate of synthesis of DNA in the remaining kidney, we injected intravenously to 125 g rats serum from similar rats uninephrectomised 24 to 48 hours previously. The injections preceded the administration of tritiated thymidine by 13 hours (1.5 ml), 5 hours (1 ml), or 2 hours (1 ml) depending on each group. The parameter studied was the radioactivity of the acid-insoluble fraction of 100 mg of kidney. We observed in uninephrectomised animals receiving no injection of serum that the rate of uptake of the tracer in the remaining kidney doubles 48 hours after nephrectomy but this uptake by the kidneys of unoperated rats is not modified by the injection of serum from similar rats whether uninephrectomised or not. Furthermore the addition of serum from uninephrectomised rats to slices of normal kidney under incubation does not modify the rate of synthesis of DNA. All these results are not in favour of a serum factor regulating compensatory renal hypertrophy.

Animals↗