[The abolition of psychopathology in the name of epiricism].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Glatzel.
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One of the central tasks of theoretical psychopathology is the treatment of the question of in which sense one can speak of illness in the field of psychic mistakenness. A dynamic, an ontological and a relational illness conception are depicted. Of necessity, the conception of the illness determines the comprehension of the talk of an illness symptom. By differentiating between homologous and analogous symptoms, justice is done to the fact that psychopathologic description is based, on the one hand, on the description of subjective suffering and, on the other hand, in the service of a psychiatrically relevant diagnosis.
The pair of concepts "sensible/absurd" should be differentiated from the pair of contrasts "true/false". Whether the relation between a subject and its way of being may be evaluated as sensible can not be decided with regard to the presumedly transindividual standard form characteristics of the method of experience. Sensible or senseless is a statement on a relationship included in a perceived field of action, referring two partners within a common symbolic world of senses to one another, and thus obliging them to a particular conception of reality determining their own and their expected behaviour.
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The concept of progress in biological psychiatry its being opposed in this study to another one which makes it necessary to adopt a different mode of thinking and to be ready for a change of paradigms. Both concepts are not exclusive of each other, yet, one cannot confer either of them an absolute value without limiting the subject and the methological tools necessary to psychiatric-psychopathological research. This will be explained, using everyday clinical cases.
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The sense of the word "autism" is unjustly used only by diseases of the group of the schizophrenias and the manic-depressive diseases. In fact, every form of psychic disturbance shows an autistic expression. In this work is shown the incapability of the manic to make an alliance of action, which is oriented on the expectations of the others. The impression "manic" is resulting of the behavior of the concerned person in a relationship between man, who let him look in the perspective of the others like unpredictable, maladjusted, from time to time without any distance and inconsiderate. He is projecting outside his own view of the world, of the other man and his relationship to them without compromise, incapable to change his behavior which is really a necessity of a stable and developable interaction. From the view of an interactional psychopathology the manic and depressive disturbance shows important communities. In both types of psychic abnormality you will see the "autism" as an essential characteristic. You can face to face the restrictive autism of the melancholic with the expansive autism of the manic.
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The preoccupation with the organic mental disturbances teaches, that detaching psychiatry from the scientific straightened medicinal branches of knowledge - with Bonhöffer and the late publications of Kräpelin - obliges to set anew the obvious heterogeneity of the organic against the endogenic psychosis. Thereby, strictly speaking, the traditional phenomenological description will have to be completed with an interactional method of consideration, which conceives psychopathological facts not as individual properties, but as results of a reciprocal process of interpretation, in which the patient and the observer are participating likewise.
There is no general consensus referring to this what ""Allgemeine Psychopathologie'' is - neither between psychiatrists nor psychologists. The following projects, which are shortly marked implicate indeed mostly the same notions, but make use of formal different definitions in the determination. The present article shows, how in the now discussed conceptions not different declarations about psychopathological facts are opposed, but controversial psychological and anthropological fundamental conceptions dispute together.
161 patients with the chronic organic brain syndrome (average age 64 years) were treated with various oral doses of Pyritinol for various periods of time. Statistical analysis of the data by means of "Konfigurationsfrequenzanalyse" showed that the success rate of treatment increases significantly with increasing dose and duration of the treatment. This means that the recommended daily dose should be exceeded if - for example at the start of treatment and in severe cases or in hospitalized patients - there is no immediate clear improvement in the condition. From the point of view of method this study shows that a retrospective analysis of a group of patients treated in a clinic can also provide interesting results and appropriately supplement controlled studies.
Introducing representation of some aspects of the idea of Schizophrenia. Reference to the fact, that the description of acute status makes use of psychopathological marks belonging to another level of description than those being used to indicate chronical states. Doubt on the possibility to talk about a psychopathology including all types of Schizophrenia. Instead of describing different syndromes appearing during the course we are noting the change of mental attitude of psychiatrist being confronted with Schizophrenia.