PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Gleave

Publications and source records attributed to J Gleave.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Camptothecin-loaded films for the prevention of postsurgical adhesions.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The purpose of this work was to investigate the local application of camptothecin (CPT), a drug with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties, as an inhibitor of surgical adhesion formation in rats. METHODS: The anti-adhesion properties of CPT were investigated using the cecal sidewall abrasion model in a total of 92 rats. An adhesion score for each animal was obtained based on the strength and extent of the adhesions. Significance was determined by Students t-test and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. TREATMENT: The drug was administered by application of carbodiimide crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) films containing CPT at concentrations of 0, 0.6, 2.5 and 7.5% w/w at the site of surgical injury. The HA films were characterized by in vitro measurements of drug release rates. RESULTS: In this model the application of HA films alone, or 0, 0.6, 2.5 or 7.5% w/w CPT-loaded HA films, had a significant effect in reducing the mean strength and area of adhesions (3.8 +/- 2.7, 5.6 +/- 0.7, 1.3 +/- 0.7, 0.9 +/- 0.8, 0.7 +/- 1.0, respectively) when compared to those animals in which no film was placed (8.4 +/- 2.5). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the effect of 0.6, 2.5 and 7.5% w/w CPT-loaded films when compared to the HA or 0% CPT-loaded films (p < 0.05). No toxicity was observed in the rats following administration of these films. CONCLUSIONS: CPT loaded films inhibited the formation of adhesions in the rat cecal sidewall abrasion model. HA crosslinked with 2 mM carbodiimide and containing 20% w/w glycerol and 0.6, 2.5 or 7.5% w/w CPT are flexible, mucoadhesive, biocompatible controlled release films that can be used to prevent adhesion formation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Occipito-clival intradiploic meningocoele following skull fracture in infancy.

An adolescent presented with an intradiploic meningocoele 11 years after an occipital skull fracture. Surgical treatment consisted initially of cranioplasty, but the lesion then progressed to involve much of the skull base, requiring cystoperitoneal shunt insertion. The pathogenesis and treatment of post-traumatic intradiploic meningocoele is discussed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1987

Counting the people disabled by head injury.

Figures for the incidence of head injury are frequently cited but there has been no accurate estimate and the number of individuals left with persistent disability is not exactly known. This study identified all those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of head injury, in a known population. In 1 year there were 160 survivors of head injury per 100,000 of population. Rates of disability of 0.38 per 100,000 in need of care and 0.75 per 100,000 unemployable and primarily in need of occupation, were found, excluding those over 65 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Memory failures in everyday life following severe head injury.

Questionnaires concerning the incidence of memory failures in everyday life were used in a postal survey of the aftereffects of severe head injury. Several years after a severe injury, 50 patients were compared to 33 patients a similar period after a very mild injury. A questionnaire completed on behalf of each patient by someone living in daily contact with him appeared to have some validity as a memory measure. The pattern of memory failures reported was similar to that found in a previous study and this may primarily reflect the ease with which certain forms of memory failure can be observed. A questionnaire completed by the patients themselves had little validity, possibly because severely injured patients could not recall their own memory failures. Only a minority of severely injured patients were reported to be significantly handicapped by memory failures at this stage in their recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Intracranial meningioma unmasked by elective general anesthesia: report of three cases.

Three cases of intracranial meningioma unmasked by elective general anesthesia are reported. In each case, the meningioma was either asymptomatic or so subtly symptomatic that no suspicion of intracranial tumor had been entertained preoperatively. Each patient presented with failure to wake up after routine general anesthesia for a nonneurosurgical procedure. The management of unexplained failure to wake up after uncomplicated general anesthesia is discussed. Early computed tomographic scanning and neurosurgical consultation are suggested in such situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Brain death in three neurosurgical units.

The validity of clinical criteria for diagnosing brain death has been investigated in three ways. A total of 447 published cases were reviewed. In three neurosurgical units (Cambridge, Glasgow, and Swansea) 609 patients diagnosed clinically as brain dead were studied; 326 had final cardiac asystole while still being ventilated, and ventilation was discontinued in the remainder. No patient recovered. The median time in hospital before the heart finally stopped was 3 1/2-4 1/2 days, with 30-40 hours on the ventilator. Analysis of prospective data from three countries on patients with severe head injuries showed that not one of 1003 survivors would ever have been suspected of being brain dead even in their worst state soon after injury. Recovery after supposed brain death has been alleged in patients who were thought to be brain dead but in fact were not and in cases where reflex movements in the limbs were mistaken for signs of life. The safeguards in diagnosing brain death include establishing irreversible structural brain damage, excluding the effects of drugs, and allowing enough time to elapse to establish the diagnosis beyond doubt. The studies reported here show that the clinical criteria used in the United Kingdom are reliable. There is no need for confirmatory tests such as an electroencephalogram provided that all the conditions for clinical diagnosis have been fulfilled and all the tests carried out.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1973

Predictive factors in open myelomeningocele with special reference to sensory level.

A total of 113 cases of open myelomeningocele operated on shortly after birth were followed up and the 80 survivors (71%) were assessed one and a quarter to seven and a half years later. Their disability was classified in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, and major complications; these when combined provided an assessment of overall disability. The overall disability of the survivors was minimal in 6%, moderate in 40%, severe in 39%, and very severe in 15%.A number of clinical features present at birth were analysed for their predictive value. Of these the sensory level, which frequently differed from both external and radiological levels of the lesion, correlated with the outcome in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, major complications, and overall disability; and also with deaths caused by renal failure.A policy of confining operation to those patients with a reasonable chance of achieving independence would involve selecting for treatment a minority of all infants born with open myelomeningocele.

Child↗