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Biomedical subjects

J Glenn

Publications and source records attributed to J Glenn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Does intrathecal morphine alter the stress response following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?

PURPOSE: Intrathecal morphine administered prior to coronary artery revascularization (CABG) surgery was studied to determine its effects on the stress response. METHODS: In a single centre, open, randomized clinical trial, first time elective CABG surgery patients, < 75 yr, were studied. Control subjects (n=12) received a standardized anesthetic consisting of fentanyl (maximum cumulative dose of 35 microg x kg(-1)), propofol, and pancuronium. In addition, spinal subjects (n=13) received 1.0 mg (age > 60 yr) or 1.5 mg (age < or = 59 yr) intrathecal morphine prior to induction of anesthesia. Control subjects received continuous i.v. morphine at 2 mg x hr(-1) on arrival in the ICU with i.v. bolus morphine supplementation as required while spinal subjects received bolus i.v. morphine as required. Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were measured preoperatively, poststernotomy, on admission to ICU, following tracheal extubation, at 0800 hr on the first postoperative day, and 24 and 48 hr after ICU admission. RESULTS: No differences between groups were detected for demographic variables. The percent change in cortisol concentration relative to preoperative values (control vs spinal; (38 (87) vs -41 (46)%: P < 0.05)) was lower in the spinal group on admission to ICU. The percent change in plasma epinephrine levels (control vs spinal) on admission to ICU (285 (337) vs -10 (37)%) and 0800 hr after surgery (314 (341) vs -4 (37)%) was also significantly different. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal morphine only partially attenuated the postsurgical stress response in CABG surgical patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Epitope identification for a panel of anti-Sinorhizobium meliloti monoclonal antibodies and application to the analysis of K antigens and lipopolysaccharides from bacteroids.

In two published reports using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against whole cells, Olsen et al. showed that strain-specific antigens on the surface of cultured cells of Sinorhizobium meliloti were diminished or absent in the endophytic cells (bacteroids) recovered from alfalfa nodules, whereas two common antigens were not affected by bacterial differentiation (P. Olsen, M. Collins, and W. Rice, Can. J. Microbiol. 38:506-509, 1992; P. Olsen, S. Wright, M. Collins, and W. Rice, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:654-661, 1994). The nature of the antigens (i.e., the MAb epitopes), however, were not determined in those studies. For this report, the epitopes for five of the anti-S. meliloti MAbs were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-immunoblot analyses of the polysaccharides extracted from S. meliloti and Sinorhizobium fredii. This showed that the strain-specific MAbs recognized K antigens, whereas the strain-cross-reactive MAbs recognized the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core. The MAbs were then used in the analysis of the LPS and K antigens extracted from S. meliloti bacteroids, which had been recovered from the root nodules of alfalfa, and the results supported the findings of Olsen et al. The size range of the K antigens from bacteroids of S. meliloti NRG247 on polyacrylamide gels was altered, and the epitope was greatly diminished in abundance compared to those from the cultured cells, and no K antigens were detected in the S. meliloti NRG185 bacteroid extract. In contrast to the K antigens, the LPS core appeared to be similar in both cultured cells and bacteroids, although a higher proportion of the LPS fractionated into the organic phase during the phenol-water extraction of the bacteroid polysaccharides. Importantly, immunoblot analysis with an anti-LPS MAb showed that smooth LPS production was modified in the bacteroids.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

A consumer-oriented model for evaluating computer-assisted instructional materials for medical education.

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can enhance medical education, but course directors and curriculum designers need thorough, credible evaluative data to make sound decisions about procuring and implementing CAI programs. There has been extensive research on the merits of CAI in general (although much of it is flawed by methodologic shortcomings), but sufficient evaluative data on specific programs are rarely available. The author proposes that a consumer-oriented model would be useful for evaluating CAI programs, and he discusses one published, consumer-oriented evaluation of a multimedia CAI program for ophthalmology students. The author contends that if CAI programs were routinely evaluated using the consumer-oriented model, and if CAI program developers used this model to evaluate their programs during the developmental phase, medical educators would be better able to choose and implement the programs that would best serve their needs.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1995

The child is father of the man. Wordsworth's Ode: Intimations of immortality and his secret sharers.

William Wordsworth's "Ode: Intimations of Immortality" is manifestly about both the poet's loss of inspirational perceptive powers and emotional intensity with age, and the compensations of maturity. It also refers to the poet's fear that he might lose his "secret sharers," real or fantasied, consciously or unconsciously conceived parent substitutes for whom and with whom one creates. Wordsworth anticipated that with his upcoming marriage he would lose his sister Dorothy and his close friend and collaborator Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who played important roles in his creativity. Optimism and relief replaced sadness when he realized that he was not deprived of his sharers. The concepts of "secret sharers" and "collective alternates" for whom one creates are intimately related.

England↗
PubMed1995

Magnesium modifies the responses of platelets to inhibitory agents which act via cAMP.

This study has investigated the interaction of raised extracellular magnesium and agents which act via cAMP with respect to inhibition of platelet aggregation and effects on platelet cAMP accumulation. Iloprost (3 ng/ml) and PGD2 (0.2 microgram/ml) each caused time dependent increases in platelet cAMP which were significantly greater in the presence of 3 mM added MgSO4 (p < 0.01). Addition of ADP (5 microM) resulted in a fall in cAMP which remained higher in the presence of MgSO4 (p < 0.01). Forskolin (5 micrograms/ml) and DN9693 (100 microM) also caused increments in platelet cAMP but these responses were not influenced by added MgSO4. Addition of ADP resulted in a further increase in cAMP which was augmented by MgSO4 (p < 0.03). This increase was abolished by adenosine deaminase (1.2 U/ml). These experiments show that MgSO4 can modify the cAMP responses produced by iloprost and PGD2 and by forskolin and DN9693 when ADP is present. It appears that as well as inhibiting, ADP can also stimulate cAMP production under certain experimental conditions. This appears to be due to breakdown of ADP to adenosine.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1994

Examining roles: home care & public health in disease prevention & health promotion.

The New Mexico Association for Home Care is conducting a survey of home care and public health professionals to determine the current industry views on prevention and home care. The results will be important for the whole industry, possibly in setting guidelines for prevention activities. Agencies interested in presenting their views may contact the New Mexico Association for Home Care.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Developmental transformations: the Isakower phenomenon as an example.

A review of the literature, and clinical analytic material suggest that the Isakower phenomenon and its variants consist of representations or sense memory traces of the original infantile feeding experiences integrated with later representations of experiences during the anal and oedipal stages, latency, and even later. With progressive development, memories of earlier experiences are transformed with regard to function, form, content, and meaning.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detection of bluetongue virus in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction.

A previously described bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to clinical samples. The sensitivity of the BTV serogroup PCR was increased by the use of non-radioactive chemiluminescent hybridization. Unfractionated whole blood samples from rams experimentally inoculated with cell culture-adapted BTV-11 UC-8 were analyzed by virus isolation (VI) on Vero cells and PCR. VI and PCR were in agreement, with the exception of 3 blood samples that were VI negative and PCR positive. In semen spiked with BTV-11 UC-8, PCR detected as little as 1.6 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of BTV/ml of semen. BTV in the spleen of a sheep submitted for necropsy for suspect BTV infection was detected by both PCR and VI in embryonated chicken eggs. BTV PCR with nonradioactive chemiluminescent hybridization resulted in a level of sensitivity comparable to that of VI and likely more sensitive than VI on Vero cells for blood. This BTV PCR has great promise for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of active BTV infection in a variety of clinical samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in G-actin after platelet activation in platelet rich plasma.

We have used the DNase I inhibition assay to study changes in G-actin after platelet activation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induced by ADP. Because of problems associated with depolymerization of F-actin after lysis of ADP-activated platelets in the presence of plasma, G-actin was measured using a lysis buffer that contained formaldehyde to prevent any depolymerization of F-actin. Different patterns of response were seen depending on the concentration of ADP used, and these were modified by avoiding aggregation by either not stirring the sample or by adding EDTA. The results show rapid conversion of G-actin to F-actin in association with shape change, and there is a further decrease in G-actin associated with irreversible platelet aggregation. Thus evidence is presented that actin polymerization occurs in two phases after ADP stimulation.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

Quality assessment of cyclosporine monitoring by 32 Canadian laboratories.

The Canadian Quality Assurance Program was initiated in June 1989, and is a voluntary program which currently encompasses all 32 laboratories involved in the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) across Canada. Two whole blood samples from control or clinical patients (kidney, liver and heart) containing unknown concentrations of CsA are circulated to each participating laboratory monthly, and analyzed by all techniques employed within that laboratory. Four analytical methods are currently employed: HPLC (n = 4). Sandimmun SP (n = 3), CycloTrac SP (n = 27) and TDx (n = 3). Four laboratories reported survey results in more than one methodology. Results from all participating centers are analyzed monthly. The mean, SD, standard deviation index and range are reported to each laboratory with information coded to preserve confidentiality. Accuracy, precision, recovery, analytical specificity, linearity and blank studies have been performed. This report covers the period from June 1989 to April 1990.

Canada↗
PubMed1990

Therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine: impact of a change in standards on 125I-monoclonal RIA performance in comparison with liquid chromatography.

This study examines the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) by 125I-monoclonal RIA, and describes the impact of the recent change in the standard curve provided. CsA concentrations in serum and whole-blood control samples measured by 125I-RIA were initially 8-18% higher than those by HPLC. During the first two months of 1989, a significant and sustained deviation in the 125I-RIA produced results that exceeded the HPLC results by 21-28% (P less than 0.001). Introduction of the new standard curve in March 1989 returned the concentration of the whole-blood controls to the previous range (11-12% above HPLC, P less than 0.001). Measurement of clinical samples from heart, liver, and bone-marrow graft recipients by 125I-RIA by both old and new kit standards produced a close linear correlation (y = 0.89 x - 19.02; r = 0.99; n = 75, range = 40-850 micrograms/L), with use of the new standards yielding results 82 (SD 8)% of those with the preceding assay. However, even with the new standard curve, CsA concentrations by 125I-RIA in the clinical samples exceeded those by HPLC by a factor of 1.37 (SD 0.18) to 1.52 (SD 0.19). Segregation for transplant type did not affect the RIA/HPLC ratio. The results suggest cross-reactivity of the 125I-RIA with material present in vivo.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

A phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion using difluoromethylornithine.

Ten patients with metastatic disease to the liver were treated with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered by continuous hepatic arterial infusion. Two of nine evaluable patients had an objective partial response. Stable disease was recorded in three patients. Ototoxicity was encountered in all patients who received a daily dose of DFMO equal to or greater than 1.0 g/m2.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

From protomasochism to masochism. A developmental view.

A developmental view may help clarify confusions that exist regarding masochism. Following Loewenstein, I suggest that protomasochism be distinguished from masochism. Protomasochism comprises conditions prior to the oedipal period which may lead to masochism. Preoedipal precursors of masochism are organized and transformed during the oedipal stage and later. A conscious or unconscious genital sexual fantasy in which pain is an integral part may appear at that time. The demonstration of such a fantasy is essential for the definitive diagnosis of masochism. It is overdetermined and may result from a variety of dynamic configurations and genetic origins. In making those suggestions, I assume, following Freud, that erotogenic masochism is basic to all forms of masochism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Acute illnesses necessitating urgent abdominal surgery in neutropenic cancer patients: description of 14 cases and review of the literature.

Through a review of our experience and the literature, the cases of 56 neutropenic cancer patients requiring urgent abdominal surgery have been studied. The most common underlying diagnosis of malignant disease was leukemia (70%), and the most common intra-abdominal disease discovered at surgery was neutropenic enteropathy (61%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 50% of cases. The 30-day postoperative mortality was 32%, and the determinant 6-month survival was 34%. Abdominal pain in a neutropenic cancer patient calls for a thorough evaluation of its cause and careful serial examinations. Evidence of a surgically treatable disease or failure to respond to medical therapy for a presumed medically treatable disease should prompt surgical intervention.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

Patterns and determinants of rectal prolapse in a herd of pigs.

A prospective cohort study was designed to describe the patterns and to determine the factors associated with the risk of rectal prolapse in a commercial swine herd in California, USA. Thirty (1.0 per cent) of 2862 pigs prolapsed between 12 and 28 weeks of age with the peak incidence occurring in 14- to 16-week-old pigs. The overall prolapse rate was 9.1 cases per 100,000 days at risk. Prolapse rates were highest during the winter and autumn months. Other factors associated with an increased risk of prolapse were maleness (relative risk 2.3) birthweight less than 1000 g (relative risk 3.4) Yorkshire boar A (relative risk 2.8) and dams of litter number 1 (relative risk 14.9), 2 (relative risk 8.2) and 3 (relative risk 9.8). No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that diarrhoea and coughing are factors associated with a risk of prolapse.

Age Factors↗