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Biomedical subjects

J Goddard

Publications and source records attributed to J Goddard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ecological studies of adult Ixodes scapularis in central Mississippi: questing activity in relation to time of year, vegetation type, and meteorologic conditions.

Adult Ixodes scapularis Say were collected weekly during two fall-winter-spring seasons from 1989 to 1991 to assess their temporal and spatial distribution as well as the effects of several meteorologic parameters on questing activity. Collections were made in three 0.4-ha sites in central Mississippi by flagging vegetation with a white flannel cloth. Adult I. scapularis were collected from 25 October through 11 April during the 1989-1990 season and 24 October-1 April in the 1990-1991 season. Peak I. scapularis questing activity occurred on 5 February and 4 February during the two seasons, respectively. Ticks were collected most often at approximately 20 degrees C but seven were collected on a day when the temperature was 6.9 degrees C. Ticks were clustered within the study sites and not evenly distributed. Most I. scapularis were collected from Ligustrum sinense and Chasmanthium sessiliflorum at a height of 31-40 cm. Statistical analyses of the meteorologic factors that affect questing activity are presented and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Impact of a severe tick infestation at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas on volant scorpion military training.

Over 950 students attending Volant Scorpion training during March-August 1988 reported the number and impact of tick bites and the personal protective measures used during their training at Little Rock Air Force Base. In some classes, as many as 50% of the students reported 10 or more tick bites. Approximately one third of all students said that ticks had a significant or very significant impact on duty performance. The use of a repellent applied to clothing had no significant effect on the number of tick bites received.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Focus of human parasitism by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae).

Throughout most of its range, the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), prefers dogs as a host, but human bites occasionally occur in the Mediterranean region and Central America; historically, this species has rarely bitten humans in the United States. A focus of 15 human bite cases by this tick is reported from four Air Force bases located within 200 miles of each other in north central Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. The sudden appearance of numerous documented bite cases indicates that either the species is becoming more anthropophilic in this area or than an introduction of a more human adapted population of R. sanguineus has occurred. The species is a known reservoir and vector of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis in dogs. The presence of an anthropophilic strain of R. sanguineus in the United States may lead to increased exposure to E. canis and thus an increase in the incidence of human ehrlichiosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Beta-2-microglobulin as renal diagnostic agent.

Our group has undertaken the determination of serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin in 250 patients. We have compared this diagnostic entity to radioisotopic glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. We have also analyzed the cost effectiveness of each of these diagnostic entities and combinations thereof. We conclude that beta-2-microglobulin is a simple test to perform; it is specific, sensitive, and accurate. Its cost effectiveness is excellent. We advocate its wide clinical usage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cellular attachment as a sensitive indicator of the effects of diagnostic ultrasound exposure on cultured human cells.

Dispersed cultured human cells (T-1 kidney, FL embryonic kidney, ES amniotic, and JHA amniotic) were seeded into plastic Petri dishes, incubated for 45 minutes, exposed to a clinical ultrasound source [total power output, 1.76 +/- 0.18 (S.D.) mW] for 0.25-60 minutes, and the medium replaced. Attachment was significantly reduced after only 0.50 minute of exposure. For all exposures, sensitivity of the JHA amniotic cells was greater than that of the kidney lines. Like incremental reduction in attachment, differential sensitivity among cell lines became less pronounced with protracted exposures. Thus cellular attachment is a sensitive parameter for studying the effects of diagnostic ultrasound.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying.

Gastric emptying after a test meal was studied in 17 normal volunteers--10 habitual smokers and seven non-smokers. The solid component of the test meal was labelled with technetium and the liquid component with indium. After one meal the habitual smokers smoked two cigarettes. Emptying curves were produced for both technetium and indium, and the differences between curves for meals with and without cigarettes were analysed. Cigarette smoking accelerated the rate at which the liquid component of a meal left the stomach. This may be important in the pathogenesis of duodneal ulcer and the delay in healing caused by cigarette smoking.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Effect of secretogogues on mucosal blood flow in the antrum and corpus of the stomach.

Gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat was determined by the indicator fractionation technique of Sapirstein using Rb86Cl. Antral and corpus flow rates were determined in response to increasing doses of pentagastrin and histamine and the effect of vagotomy was determined. With progressive stimulation the antral:corpus flow ratio increased with both stimulants; however, vagotomy and noradrenaline reduced blood flow in both areas of mucosa. It is concluded that the antrum, as well as the corpus, actively responds to secretory stimulants by an increase in mucosal blood flow and support is provided for the theory that the antrum plays an active role in the control of parietal cell blood flow and secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gastric emptying of wholemeal and white bread.

We studied the rates at which solid and liquid leave the stomach after meals of wholemeal and white bread by using a double isotope technique. There was no difference in the rates at which the solid phases of the gastric contents left the stomach but liquid left the stomach significantly more rapidly with white bread than with wholemeal bread. Furthermore, the amount of liquid leaving the stomach unaccompanied and therefore unbuffered by solid was significantly greater after while bread than wholemeal bread. These findings may be of significance in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and they provide a rational basis for a possible form of dietary treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meeting the needs of handicapped children and their families. The evolution of Honeylands: a family support unit, Exeter.

A support service for families with mental, physical, sensory or environmental handicap has evolved from a paediatric ward of a District Hospital. Expressed parental needs have been the source of evolutionary change. About 200 families use the various services of specific therapy, day or longer term residential relief, playgroups for those with special needs, school for the chronically ill. The location is a remodelled stately home on large grounds close to the centre of a city of 100 000, and serves a district of 300 000. The demand for permanent residential placement in the age group under 11 years in this area appears to have been reduced by 80%.

Child↗