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Biomedical subjects

J Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to J Goodman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The association between small size for gestational age and perinatal and neonatal death in a UK Regional Health Authority.

Confidential enquiry into stillbirth and death in infancy is a health service requirement in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. A confidential review of perinatal death has been conducted in South-East Thames Region since 1988. Data collected for this review are analysed here. Among the 1662 singleton deaths in the enquiry from 1988 to 1991, 530 (32%) babies were small for gestational age (SGA < 10th centile): 338 of these (64%) were < 3rd centile and the remainder were between 3rd-10th centile. Small size for gestational age was significantly associated with a previous SGA baby (P = 0.02), proteinuric hypertension (P = 0.001) and increased placental-birthweight ratio (P = 0.008). Only 135 (25%) SGA fetuses were identified antenatally and multiple logistic regression showed that antenatal detection was independently related to proteinuric hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-4.17, P = 0.001) and to being < 3rd centile rather than 3rd-10th centile (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.96-5.10, P = 0.001). Although confidential enquiries have been criticised for a lack of objectivity the study indicates how data from such an enquiry can increase knowledge of events influencing peri- and neonatal outcome allowing strategies to be devised to effect change.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

Autoantibodies to band 3 during aging and disease and aging interventions.

An aging antigen, senescent cell antigen, resides on the 911-amino acid membrane protein band 3. It marks cells for removal by initiating specific IgG autoantibody binding. Band 3 is a ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in the plasma membrane of diverse cell types and tissues, and in nuclear, mitochondrial, and golgi membranes. Band 3 in tissues such as brain performs the same functions as it does in red cells. Senescent cell antigen is generated on brain menbranes. Oxidation is a mechanism for generating senescent cell antigen. Neither cross-linking nor hemoglobin appears to play a role in generating senescent cell antigen. Although storage is the only in vitro model that mimics cellular aging in situ, we have discovered three alterations/mutations of band 3 that permit insight into aging in situ. One mutation with an addition to band 3 has normal or decelerated red cell aging. In contrast, another band 3 alteration with a suspected deletion or substitution that renders band 3 more susceptible to proteolysis, shows accelerated aging. The third alteration, which is also more susceptible to proteolysis, is associated with neurologic defects. Peptide technology was used to map the aging antigenic sites and anion transport sites on band 3 using a competitive inhibition assay and immunoblotting with IgG directed against the aging antigen on old cells. Results indicate that: a) aging antigenic sites reside on human band 3 residues 538-554, and 812-830; b) a putative ankyrin binding region peptide is not involved in senescent cell antigen activity; and (c) carbohydrate moieties are not required for the antigenicity or recognition of senescent cell antigen since synthetic peptides alone abolish binding of senescent cell IgG to erythrocytes. Peptide residues 588-594 (a 7-amino acid peptide), 822-839, and 869-883 were the most active inhibitors of anion transport (p < or = 0.001 compared to control without peptide). Localization of the active antigenic and transport sites on band 3 molecule facilitates definition of the molecular changes occurring during aging that initiate molecular as well as cellular degeneration. The role of senescent cell antigen and band 3 in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease is discussed. Antibodies to one component of synthetic senescent cell antigen distinguish between Alzheimer's and normal tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Molecular basis of human band-3 mutation associated with increased anion transport.

Band 3, the anion transporter, is a ubiquitous protein. It is present in brain and all other tissues. Not only is band 3 present in cell membranes, but also in nuclear, Golgi, and mitochondrion membranes. Band 3 is involved in respiration, acid-base balance, and is the major structural protein linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton. Thus, alterations/mutations in the transport segment of the band-3 molecule might be expected to be of major importance. We discovered and sequenced a mutation of band 3, high-transport band 3 (HTbd3), that exhibits anion transport that is 2-3 time above normal. Anion transport studies of the family members revealed that red cells from the proposita, one of two siblings, and both parents had abnormally increased anion transport (increased Vmax). We used synthetic peptides of band 3 to help localize the change along the band-3 molecule. Results suggest that high-transport band 3 is altered in or near residue 869-883. This places the alteration toward the carboxyl terminal of band 3. cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the mutation was a proline to leucine at residue 868. A peptide was synthesized corresponding to residues 853-870 for testing in the anion transport inhibition assay. This peptide significantly inhibited anion transport (p < or = 0.001) indicating that it is an anion transport/binding region of band 3. Thus, DNA technology confirms the validity of the anion transport inhibition assay for localizing transport regions. Glucose transport is decreased in affected individuals. The HTbd3 mutation appears benign as determined by the red cell aging panel. IgG binding, creatinine, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are normal. Our studies indicate that the most rapid and sensitive techniques for detecting band-3 alterations are polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, IgG binding, and anion transport studies. This is the only mutation of band 3 discovered to date the affects the transmembrane, anion transport region of band 3.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
PubMed1993

Formative evaluation: implementation of primary nursing.

Staff nurses initiated the change from a total patient care to a primary nursing delivery system. The effects of the change were measured on the following: nurses' perceptions of their work environment; communication and collaboration with other health care professionals; parent satisfaction and quality of care provided, and direct and indirect nursing activities. The measurements were taken prior to, six months and twelve months post implementation. Action was taken based on the findings of this evaluation process which enabled the facilitation of the change process.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Cryptococcal disease presenting as cellulitis.

Three immunocompromised patients presented with cellulitis as the primary manifestation of cryptococcal disease. Two were recipients of cadaveric renal transplants who were receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy. The other patient had profound lymphopenia and severe hypoalbuminemia due to intestinal lymphangiectasia. All had failed to respond to empiric therapy for presumed bacterial cellulitis before results of skin biopsy or aspiration were available for the correct diagnosis to be made. With administration of systemic antifungal therapy, two patients survived. Although other forms of cryptococcal involvement of the skin are not rare, cellulitis is seldom considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of the disease. Our cases and a review of the English-language literature indicate that Cryptococcus neoformans must be included in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis in immunocompromised patients and that the presence of cryptococcal cellulitis suggests disseminated cryptococcal disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may dramatically reduce mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Design of a calf muscle ergometer for the study of local muscle blood flow.

A simple ergometer is described that allows highly reproducible plethysmographic measurements of blood flow to be made within 10 seconds of ceasing rhythmic quantitated exercise of the calf muscle. A power output of some 25 Watts is developed with a mechanical efficiency of some 20%. The device seems applicable to a variety of clinical assessments.

Ergometry↗
PubMed1991

Predicting personality disorder diagnoses of hospitalized Navy personnel.

The study examined the relationship between type of non-psychotic diagnosis at time of hospitalization, pre-Navy non-psychotic condition, and paygrade for active duty, enlisted Navy personnel. The sample (N = 27,210) consisted of all hospitalized cases of active duty, enlisted Navy personnel from 1981 through 1984 with a nonpsychotic mental disorder as the primary diagnosis. Results indicated that personality disorders were more likely than other nonpsychotic diagnoses to be associated with a pre-Navy nonpsychotic condition and lower paygrades. More specifically, the strong relationship between a personality disorder diagnosis and a pre-Navy nonpsychotic condition was demonstrated only for paygrades E-1 through E-4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in murine melanoma for photon activation therapy.

Quantitative evaluation of the dose enhancement obtained with analog nucleoside agents such as iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) requires knowledge of the degree to which the thymidine (Thd) in DNA is replaced by IdUrd. In the present investigation, mice were infused with IdUrd using an intravenous infusion apparatus capable of delivering continuous multi-day infusions without restraining the mice. The absolute incorporation of IdUrd in DNA was measured by 125IdUrd label, both in whole tissue and extracted DNA, showing a good correlation between levels observed in DNA and whole tissue. Replacement in a Harding-Passey murine melanoma tumor carried in BALB/c mice approached 10%. In addition, a Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) technique was developed which showed in vitro, a sensitivity sufficient to evaluate the % replacement of Thd by IdUrd in small biological samples with a sensitivity greater than 0.1 ppm, at 1% replacement in mg samples. This method can provide information on iodine substitution in DNA in humans where the use of a radioactive DNA-seeking substance would be undesirable. Analyses of IdUrd incorporation in cultured cells by NAA and 125I counting showed good agreement.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Membrane channel protein abnormalities and autoantibodies in neurological disease.

Immunological analogues of band 3, the anion transporter of the human erythrocyte, have been identified in all cells, including both isolated neurons and neurons of the central nervous system. We hypothesized that the anion channel is altered in neurological disease associated with choreiform movements because gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain, binds to its receptor and opens an integral membrane chloride channel. In order to examine this hypothesis, we studied a family with a serious, progressive, genetic neurologic disorder with acanthocytosis (choreoacanthocytosis) that resembles Huntington's chorea. We selected choreoacanthocytosis because erythrocytes, which are readily obtained, are affected in this disease as well as the central nervous system. Biochemical studies of erythrocytes from the proposita, mother, and brother revealed that sulfate transport Vmax was increased, and glucose efflux was decreased. Erythrocytes exhibited immunological changes indicative of cellular aging/transporter damage. In addition, transporter reactive antibodies were present. This is the first evidence for abnormalities of membrane transport in this neurologic disorder.

Acanthocytes↗
PubMed1990

Simaomicin (LL-D42067), a novel antibiotic from Actinomadura madurae. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity.

A new antibacterial antibiotic, designated simaomicin alpha (LL-D42067 alpha) was isolated from the fermentation broth of an actinomycete strain. Based on cultural, physiological, morphological and chemical characteristics, culture LL-D42067 was identified as a new subspecies of Actinomadura madurae. Simaomicin alpha demonstrated potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and was active in vivo against a variety of Eimeria species causing coccidiosis in chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Predictors of disability discharge disposition for Navy personnel with a mental health problem.

This study examined the extent to which severity of mental health diagnosis and length of military service predict medical discharge disposition for Navy personnel (N = 1,450). Results corroborated the findings of a similar study related to back problems in which both severity and length of service were significant predictors. Examination of consistency of mental health diagnoses from time of hospitalization to last Physical Evaluation (PE) Board determination revealed that nonpsychotic primary diagnoses were likely to shift to psychotic diagnoses by the time of last PE Board determination. Last, the contribution of entitlement costs to the total costs of medical care are discussed.

Disability Evaluation↗