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Biomedical subjects

J Grabowski

Publications and source records attributed to J Grabowski.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Rotational behavior as a classically conditioned response to pentobarbital administration.

Pentobarbital stimulus control of rotational behavior was investigated in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of substantia nigra. In conditioning trials, lesioned rats were injected simultaneously with 10 mg/kg pentobarbital and 0.05 mg/kg apomorphine and their rotational (circling) behavior observed and counted. Subsequent to three consecutive daily conditioning sessions, animals were re-introduced to the rotation environment and tested with saline or pentobarbital. Pentobarbital, but not saline, administration was followed by a brief epoch of rapid contralateral rotation. After additional conditioning trials in which pentobarbital and apomorphine administration were paired, test sessions with 1 g/kg ethanol and with 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide were conducted. Most animals did not rotate in response to ethanol administration and most did rotate in response to chlordiazepoxide. Finally, in order to determine the persistence of the conditioned effect, animals were tested with pentobarbital 15 weeks after their last conditioning session and were found to rotate actively in response.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: effects of nicotine and placebo gum.

Aggressive and point maintained operant responding of heavy nicotine dependent male tobacco smokers were measured during five 25-min sessions conducted over an 8-h period. Responding under three tobacco abstinence conditions was compared to responding during a baseline condition of ad libitum smoking of the subject's preferred brand of cigarettes. The three tobacco abstinence conditions were: (1) placebo gum, (2) nicotine gum or (3) no gum. Under placebo and nicotine gum conditions, subjects were given two pieces of placebo or 2 mg nicotine gum to chew for 30 min prior to each session. Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured at the end of each session to monitor smoking under baseline conditions and compliance with nonsmoking requirements under abstinence conditions. Aggressive responding was increased in no gum and placebo gum conditions, with the highest frequency of aggressive responding occurring under no-gum conditions. Aggressive responding during nicotine gum conditions did not differ from baseline ad libitum tobacco smoking. Point maintained responding was either not affected or decreased under placebo and no-gum conditions. These results provided objective data consistent with clinical reports of increased irritability among dependent tobacco smokers during acute tobacco abstinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of contingent payment on compliance with a naltrexone regimen.

The effects of several schedules of payment on duration and patterns of compliance with a naltrexone regimen were examined. Patients were paid under contingencies based on either number of doses ingested or on a fixed time schedule. Reinforcement schedules based on number of doses ingested produced more consistent treatment-oriented behavior than a time-based schedule. Covariation between behavior and alternating contingencies (A-B-A) indicated that the schedules contributed to increased duration of treatment compared to previous noncontingent payment. The issue of using extrinsic reinforcers such as monetary payment to enhance compliance is discussed and additional procedures are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Influence of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and adenosine on vascular reactivity.

cAMP, 5'-AMP and adenosine in doses of 1, 2 and 5 mg/kg i.v. in rats diminish vascular resistance in the hind limbs in vivo and in isolated limbs perfused with nutrient fluid containing adrenaline (A) (10(-3) M), slowing action of the heart and lowering blood pressure. After administration of cAMP, 5'-AMP and adenosine (5 mg/kg), vasoconstricting action of noradrenaline (NA) and A was depressed, and the vasodilating action of isoprenaline (I) was enhanced. The changes in blood pressure observed after administration of the tested adenosine compounds were not blocked by phentolamine, but after I were blocked by propranolol. cAMP, 5'-AMP and adenosine had no influence on the drop in blood pressure elicited by acetylcholine. The results indicate that cAMP, 5'-AMP and adenosine increase reactivity of beta-receptors of the sympathetic system in the blood vessels and modify the action of catecholamines on blood vessels.

Adenosine↗