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Biomedical subjects

J Grosfeld

Publications and source records attributed to J Grosfeld.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of growth, neovascularization, and enzymatic function of fetal intestinal grafts in the omentum and renal capsule.

Fetal tissues are less immunogenic and may be a useful donor source for organ transplantation. This report compares the fate of fetal small bowel segments transplanted in the omentum and renal capsule of recipient syngeneic rats. Two-centimeter segments of fetal jejunum and ileum were obtained from 26 donor 19-day gestational age rat fetuses and transplanted into the subrenal capsule (n = 35) and omentum (n = 40) in syngeneic Fisher rats (weight, 150 g) as free grafts. No immunosuppression was used. At 2 weeks posttransplantation, the recipient rats underwent laparotomy and the grafts were evaluated for viability, growth, enzymatic function, and revascularization. Viable grafts were identified in 27 of 35 renal capsule grafts and 34 of 40 omental grafts. The order of magnitude of fetal growth in the omentum for jejunum was 16 +/- 10 versus ileum 23 +/- 9 (NS). However, in the renal capsule, ileal growth (15 +/- 6) was significantly greater than jejunum (8 +/- 5; P less than .01). Growth for both jejunal and ileal segments was greater in the omentum (P less than .02). The lumen of all omental grafts remained patent; however, 26 of 27 renal grafts had cystic dilatations and areas of obstruction. Microfil casts of the specimens showed vascular connections (neovascularization) between the graft and omentum, a normal serosal vascular pattern, and many submucosal capillary-like vessels. Maltase activity was measured in fetal grafts and compared with control pups bred on the same date as the donor animals. The grafts had a higher maltase level 33.4 +/- 34.6 mumol/min/g than controls 8.3 +/- 2.0 (P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Infants with cystic fibrosis: pulmonary function at diagnosis.

Meconium ileus (MEC), failure to thrive (FTT), and a combination of FTT and pulmonary symptoms (COMB) are the most frequent symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to compare to normal controls (NC) the pulmonary function of CF infants at the time of diagnosis, when grouped by these symptoms. The measurements of pulmonary function included oxygen saturation (SaO2), functional residual capacity (FRC), mixing index (MI), total respiratory system compliance (Crs), and maximal flow at FRC (VmaxFRC). Compared to NC (n = 33), the MEC group (n = 5) had a higher MI (54 vs. 42%) and no difference in SaO2, Crs or VmaxFRC. There were no significant differences between FTT (n = 8) and NC groups although there was a tendency for Crs to be lower in the FTT group (5.1 vs. 6.8 ml/cm H2O). When compared to all other groups, the COMB group (n = 11) had significantly lower SaO2, MI, Crs, and VmaxFRC. The normal lung function in the MEC group is consistent with the normal anatomy reported in CF infants dying secondary to meconium ileus. Longitudinal evaluation of the infants in this study, following initiation of care as patients with a diagnosis of CF, may allow us to determine whether symptoms at diagnosis remain an important determinant of lung function in infancy.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1988

An evaluation of the role of surgery in metastatic neuroblastoma.

The role of surgery was evaluated in 320 patients with metastatic neuroblastoma (Children's Cancer Study Group [CCSG] stage IV, excluding IV-S) enrolled in two CCSG treatment protocols between June 1978 and November 1982. The regimens consisted of combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Two hundred seventy-seven surgical procedures were performed in 214 of the 320 eligible patients. Surgical intervention at the primary site was performed at initiation of therapy in 86 patients. There was a slight survival advantage when complete resection of the primary tumor was achieved (P = .09). Delayed surgery was performed in 89 patients. Gross complete resection of primary tumor was feasible in 57 of these patients (64.0%). However, survival analysis showed that resolution of metastases had a more important impact on subsequent length of survival than resectability at the delayed procedure (P = .005).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sodium homeostasis in infants with biliary drainage procedures.

We studied biliary excretion of sodium and chloride in 17 infants with external bile drainage through a "biliostomy" and describe four additional children who became ill from sodium depletion following external biliary drainage procedures for biliary tract anomalies. In the 17 infants, the mean +/- SD bile sodium concentration was 122 +/- 15 mEq/L. The mean +/- SD serum sodium concentration was low (132 +/- 7 mEq/L) (normal, 138 to 145 mEq/L). The mean +/- SD bile volume was 388 +/- 317 mL/day at one year following surgery (range, 40 to 1,000 mL/day). In the four children, clinical manifestations of sodium depletion (lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, and malnutrition) necessitated hospital admission. At that time, the serum sodium concentration ranged from 109 to 129 mEq/L, and the simultaneous urinary sodium concentration ranged from 0 to 5 mEq/L. Although dietary sodium was normal, biliary losses exceeded dietary intake, resulting in salt and water depletion despite renal conservation. Children with biliary drainage procedures are at risk for sodium depletion and should be monitored closely and supplemented accordingly until biliostomy closure is performed.

Bile↗
PubMed1985

VATER association: analysis of growth and development.

The growth and development of 15 patients with VATER association were prospectively followed for 1-4 years. Prenatal growth retardation was frequent but at least 50% of children with early growth deficiency demonstrated long-term catch-up growth. Mental development was normal in 12 of 15 children but 8 of 13 children had delayed motor skill development. Early postnatal growth deficiency was an indicator of children at risk for developmental problems. Parents should be reassured that most children with VATER association display normal development.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Preoperative evaluation of pediatric abdominal tumor volumes by computerized tomography.

The volumes of two neuroblastomas and two Wilms' tumor masses were calculated by computerized tomography (CT) within 48 hours of surgical removal of the tumor. True volumes of the tumor masses were obtained by volume displacement. CT was very accurate in predicting volume with an error ranging from 1.5% to 7.5%. This accurate method of evaluating tumor volume will allow precise monitoring of the response of nonoperable tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

A new look at the neonatal bowel-contrast studies with metrizamide (Amipaque).

Metrizamide is the first water-soluble radiographic contrast agent which, because it is nonionic, can be used in isotonic solution and gives good visualization of the desired body structure. Its only major disadvantage is that it is very expensive. Metrizamide can be used to study the neonatal bowel in clinical situations where all the other existing contrast agents are contraindicated. The results of 55 metrizamide studies of the bowel in infants are reviewed. In necrotizing enterocolitis metrizamide aids in confirming or rejecting the diagnosis, identifying patients for surgery, and in evaluating the response to surgery. Metrizamide can identify the etiology in unusual cases of bowel obstruction. Metrizamide correctly identified a thoracic origin of free peritoneal air in four cases and a bowel origin in two cases. It identified bowel perforation in two patients in the absence of pneumoperitoneum. In six patients, the metrizamide study identified the cause for a gasless abdomen. It is concluded that metrizamide has a valuable role to play in evaluating a variety of neonatal bowel disorders.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1982

Lung CT for detection of metastases: solid tissue neoplasms in children.

The results of 73 computed tomographic studies of lung and pleura in 52 children with solid-tissue tumors have been analyzed. In nine children computed tomography provided information not evident by chest radiograph or whole lung tomography. In four of these cases computed tomography demonstrated lung nodules not seen on chest radiography or whole lung tomography; in another four cases it revealed pleural involvement with tumor; and in one case it revealed calcium in a nodule. In two children computed tomography missed lung mestastases seen by lung tomography and chest radiography.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Relationship of obesity to bile lithogenicity in man.

Gallbladder bile was aspirated and analyzed for content of bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids in 97 patients undergoing jejunoileal bypass. Lithogenic indices (LI) (mole % cholesterol in sample/mole % cholesterol at saturation) were correlated with age, sex, lipid levels and hepatic fatty metamorphosis. The overall incidence of gallstones in the group was 43%(N = 121). Cholelithogenesis was unrelated to age, serum lipid concentrations, LI, or hepatic morphology. A significant relationship was noted between cholelithogenesis and female sex (p less than .03). The incidence of gallstones was greater in patients weighing more than 270% of ideal body weight and the LI greater in those weighing more than 230%. The mean LI of bile was greater than 1.0 (supersaturated) in all patients except nongallstone forming diabetics. The lithogenic index in diabetics without gallstones was 0.88 +/- 0.11, while in nondiabetics without gallstones, the LI was 1.49 +/- 0.10 (p less than 0.001). These observations indicate that grossly obese patients have an increased incidence of cholelithiasis, probably related to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol. In addition, female patients are especially at risk, while other parameters had little or no detectable influence on cholelithogenesis in this group of patients.

Adult↗