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Biomedical subjects

J Groth

Publications and source records attributed to J Groth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Dynamics of donor-reactive IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against T and B lymphocytes early after clinical kidney transplantation using flow cytometry.

Using flow cytometry, 32 kidney graft recipients were monitored retrospectively for at least 1 month to study the dynamics of serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against donor T and B lymphocytes before and after transplantation. Donor spleen lymphocytes were used as targets. In the B cell cross-match, the surface immunoglobulins were blocked with an anti-human immunoglobulin antibody. A high frequency of donor-reactive antibodies was detected early after transplantation, especially when the sera were tested against B lymphocytes. Surprisingly, donor-reactive antibodies of the IgA isotype made up a substantial proportion of all antibodies detected. Within the first month after transplantation, six out of 32 patients (19%) developed IgG antibodies against donor T lymphocytes and nine out of 35 patients (28%) formed IgG antibodies against B lymphocytes. A similar situation was found for IgA antibodies: 22% of the recipients were positive for IgA antibodies against donor T lymphocytes and 34% against B lymphocytes after transplantation. Lower antibody frequencies were found for IgM antibodies (16% and 19%, respectively). From our data we conclude that for at least some of the parameters studied their individual dynamics reflect the complex immunological mechanisms occurring early after transplantation.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1994

Urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein as a marker of renal transplant function.

In a total of 428 urine samples collected from 15 patients aged between 23 and 60 years after cadaveric kidney transplantation during a postoperative hospital stay, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) was quantitatively determined using the ELIAS SYNELISA-THP immunoassay. All patients were treated with azathioprine, cyclosporine, prednisolone, given an intraoperative high-dose single antilymphocyte globulin bolus and discharged with functioning grafts. In clinically uncomplicated courses, even after immediate transplant function, the recovery of graft function took on average 7 days. Thereafter the urinary THP excretion was relatively stable and amounted, on average, to 14.5 +/- 4.9 mg/24 h (i.e. was at the lower limit of normal urinary THP excretion). In cases of delayed onset of graft function of undetermined origin accompanied by extremely reduced urinary THP excretion, the functional recovery, whether spontaneous or brought about by treatment, was characterized by a continuous increase in urinary THP excretion. In connection with interstitial rejections urinary THP excretion seems not to be a recommendable diagnostic parameter. Daily measurement of urinary THP is, however, suitable for monitoring the functional state of transplanted kidneys.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Preliminary results and considerations in hearing screening of newborns based on otoacoustic emissions.

Many factors may determine the success of a screening programme based on the presence of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs), including age at test, stimulus used, examiner experience and method of data evaluation. This short report summarizes our experience based on pilot trials of a screen in the whole population of newborns using EOAEs. Optimal test time is when babies are at least 24 h old. Meticulous training of examiners and ultimately automatic evaluation of recordings is essential. Based on visual evaluation of responses to click stimuli at peak-equivalent sound pressure levels of 72.5 and 60.5 dB, 95.5% of babies passed the screen on at least one ear. However, we could only identify an EOAE in 81% of the waveforms for the 60.5 dB stimulus, and only 73% of the non-linear components derived by combining responses to the two stimuli contained an identifiable EOAE. At the present time, examination of both linear and non-linear components is indicated.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

The association of kidney graft outcome with pretransplant serum IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma activity.

Pretransplant sera of 474 kidney graft recipients were tested for IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma activity. The patients had significantly higher IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma activity than healthy controls (P = 0.0004). Serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies were correlated with IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma (P = 0.004), whereas CMV infection and blood transfusions were not. We found a significant association between pretransplant IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma activity and early and 1-year kidney graft outcome. This association was pronounced in recipients with no lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Recipients with immediately functioning grafts and a creatinine < 130 mumol/L at 1 year had strikingly higher pretransplant IgG-anti-F(ab')2 gamma activity than patients with graft failure (P < 0.0001).

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1991

Freezing of cells--replacement of serum by oxypolygelatine.

A commercially available plasma expander (Gelifundol) containing 5.5% oxypolygelatine in buffered saline was used instead of serum as a supplement for freezing several types of human cell and a mouse myeloma cell line in liquid nitrogen. Viability, recovery, proliferation and cytotoxic activity were compared after freezing with a plasma expander and after conventional freezing with human AB serum or fetal calf serum. The plasma expander proved to be equivalent or superior to AB serum by all parameters tested and acceptable even when compared with fetal calf serum. Furthermore, this preparation is cheap, sterile, free of BSE, viral and mycoplasmal contamination or antibodies and foreign serum proteins. We therefore recommend it for freezing of cells for culture of HLA typing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Risk of CMV infection and illness after kidney transplantation].

Between 1980 and 1986 465 cadaveric kidney transplants were performed at the Kidney Transplant Centre Berlin-Friedrichshain. The post-transplant risk to acquire a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection depended on the preoperative CMV antibody status of donor and recipient, on the nettoimmunosuppression and on the recipient's age. The highest infection rate and the most serious courses showed seronegative recipients from seropositive donors. The typical time interval of clinical manifestation included the postoperative months 1-3. A significant dependence of the frequency of infection on different immunosuppressive protocols could not be proven. But there was a significant coincidence between CMV infection and rejection crises. In spite of the raised frequency of rejection crises an influence of the CMV infection on the 1-year-graft and patient survival rates could not be demonstrated. Both an early diagnosis and an adequate therapy are of particular importance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Children with preschool minor neurodevelopmental disorders. V: Neurodevelopmental profiles at age 13.

A cohort of children diagnosed at age seven as suffering from deficits in attention, motor control and perception was compared at age 13 with a group of children without such problems. More than two-thirds of the index children no longer had any clearly detectable motor problems at 13, but they still had significantly prolonged complex reaction times. These results suggest that children with these deficits in the early school years have a fair biological prognosis by the early teen years.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

[Physiologic performance of clinically non-functioning kidney transplants].

The excretion capacity of 24 kidney allografts which had been dialyzed because of non-function was examined. It has been shown that only 4 out of 24 allografts (16.7%) were truly without function. All other transplants did show a slight or more improvement of the excretion capacity prior to irreversible loss of graft function. As a cause the non-identified graft rejection is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

A common antidonor reactive serological pattern in patients with failed kidney regrafts.

Twenty retransplant patients were serially screened for donor-reactive antibodies (DRA). DRA appeared exclusively in patients whose grafts permanently failed and these DRA shared some common features, namely early appearance (days 4-8 post-transplant), high titers (1:10 up to more than 1:400), and broad anti-HLA specificity. This preliminary data would suggest that regrafted patients with primary graft failure represent a distinct subgroup of particularly immune responsive individuals.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1987

Individually disparate anti-inflammatory in-vivo susceptibility to corticosteroids in renal transplant recipients.

We used the strength of suppression of the interleukin-1-induced peak CRP response (CRPmax) post-transplant as a measure for the individual steroid susceptibility in vivo. This suppressive effect proved to be fully reversible after abrogation of steroid therapy following graft removal. The standardized suppressive therapy immediately post-transplant led to extremely different results in individual patients ranging from no suppression (26.1% of the patients) to a strong or practically absolute suppression of CRP synthesis in 20.7% of the patients studied. This behaviour is also reflected in anti-rejection bolus therapy whereby the percentage of prednisolone resistant patients strongly correlated with increasing (unsuppressed) CRPmax values. From our data we conclude that the disparate anti-inflammatory susceptibility for corticosteroids seems to be an individual feature of patients under high-dose steroid treatment.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1986

Reduced immunogenicity of long-term, passively enhanced rat renal allografts and passive transfer of graft protection.

Enhancing alloantiserum was produced by immunizing male BD IX inbred rats with density gradient separated nylon-wool adherent spleen lymphocytes from male rats of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) different inbred strain Sprague-Dawley (SD). Long-term surviving (BD IX X SD) F1 to BD IX kidney grafts were achieved by treating the recipients with 1 ml alloantiserum at the time of transplantation. After greater than 100 days 7 passively enhanced F1 kidneys were retransplanted into naive BD IX rats. Four out of 7 secondary recipients, producing only low levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, survived for greater than 100 days, 3/7 rats died of surgical or infection complications. Twenty-one naive BD IX recipients of normal F1 kidneys were treated with serum (1 ml i.v.) and/or spleen lymphocytes (1 X 10(7) i.v.) obtained from the long-term survivors. An indefinite graft survival was achieved in 13 out of 21 rats. After greater than 150 days 6 out of these 13 passively enhanced F1 kidneys were retransplanted into naive BD IX rats which were challenged at the time of grafting with 4 X 10(7) SD lymphocytes to elicit rejection. Six out of 6 kidneys survived greater than 150 days. Thus, the long-term survival of rat kidney allografts in this model is associated with a strong reduction of graft immunogenicity as well as the development of suppressor cells and enhancing antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Normal values and membrane markers of theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant human T-lymphocytes.

In 32 healthy adults between 20 and 50 years, the number of theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes (T-res) was determined to be 51 +/- 4% or 1,161 +/- 326 per microliter, and that of theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes (T-sens), 11 +/- 2% or 252 +/- 95.--The decrease in number of rosette-forming cells after incubation with 1 mM theophylline was not caused by reduced vitality (51Cr-release test). The testing of various theophylline concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 10 mM) did not result in a changed count of T-sens. By a variation of the lymphocyte: sheep erythrocyte ratio and of incubation temperature it was found that T-sens possess high-affine and T-res low-affine receptors for sheep erythrocytes. While about 30% of the cells of both subpopulations proved to have Fc-IgM-receptors, among T-sens a significantly higher number of cells carried Fc-IgG-receptors than among T-res (29% vs. 10%).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Active enhancement of rat kidney grafts by immunization of the recipients with donor-specific nylon-adherent spleen lymphocytes].

At different intervals (2, 4, 8, 12 and 21 days) after preimmunization of BD IX inbred rats with density gradient-separated nylon-wool-adherent spleen lymphocytes from rats of the MHC different inbred strain Sprague-Dawley, (BD IX X SD)F1 kidneys were transplanted into the immunized BD IX rats. The non-immunized control rats died after 11-16 days. Kidneys transplanted 8 or 12 days after preimmunization survived indefinitely without any signs of rejection. In contrast, the rats grafted 2 and 4 days after preimmunization showed elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (mean: 70-83 mmol/l) on the 7th post-operative day. The transplantation on day 21 resulted in a slight rejection episode on the 7th postoperative day. These results suggest the efficacy of nylon-wool-adherent lymphocytes in inducing an active transplant protection.

Animals↗