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Biomedical subjects

J Grover

Publications and source records attributed to J Grover.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A prospective study of fractures of the femoral shaft treated with a static, intramedullary, interlocking nail comparing one versus two distal screws.

In a nonrandomized prospective study, 178 comminuted or length unstable femur fractures were treated with a statically locked, slotted, titanium alloy interlocking nail. Patients were divided into two groups based on the number of distal interlocking screws that were used. The patients were followed up for an average of 17 months to determine if the use of a single distal screw provided adequate fracture stability without loss of fracture fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The expression of functional link protein in a baculovirus system: analysis of mutants lacking the A, B and B' domains.

Functional recombinant human link protein has been produced using a baculovirus expression system. In addition to the intact link protein, three mutant forms have also been expressed. Each mutant bears a deletion equivalent to the protein encoded by one exon in the gene. These deletions represent the A domain, which is thought to be responsible for interaction with aggrecan, and the B or B' domains, which are associated with the interaction with hyaluronate. Such deletions split codons spanning exon boundaries, but maintain the reading frame of the protein and result in the correct amino acid being present at the splice junction. All the recombinant proteins appear as two components upon SDS/PAGe, though the abundance of the two forms does vary between preparations, as a result of variable substitution by N-linked oligosaccharides. The recombinant intact link protein was able to interact with both hyaluronate and aggrecan, showing that the baculovirus system is able to produce functional molecules. All of the recombinant mutant link proteins were also able to interact with hyaluronate, indicating that both the B and B' domains can function independently. The recombinant mutant link proteins were also able to interact with aggrecan, with the exception of the mutant lacking the A domain, confirming that this ability resides entirely within this domain.

Aggrecans↗
PubMed1993

Versican gene expression in human articular cartilage and comparison of mRNA splicing variation with aggrecan.

The chondrocytes in human articular cartilage from subjects of all ages express mRNAs for both of the aggregating proteoglycans aggrecan and versican, although the level of expression of versican mRNA is much lower than that of aggrecan mRNA. Aggrecan shows alternative splicing of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain within its C-terminal globular region, but there is no evidence for a major difference in situ in the relative expression of this domain with age. At all ages studied from birth to the mature adult, a greater proportion of transcripts lacked the EGF domain. The relative proportions of the two transcripts did not change upon culture and passage of isolated chondrocytes. In contrast, the neighbouring complement regulatory protein (CRP)-like domain was predominantly expressed irrespective of age, but cell culture did result in variation of the splicing of this domain. Versican possesses two EGF-like domains and one CRP-like domain, but at all ages the three domains were predominantly present in all transcripts. This situation persisted upon culture and passage of the chondrocytes. Thus, unlike aggrecan, the versican expressed by human articular cartilage does not appear to undergo alternative splicing of its C-terminal globular region, either in cartilage in situ or in chondrocytes in culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rat kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases: evidence for two distinct gene products.

Total RNA was isolated from kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats. Oligo (dT)-primed single-stranded cDNA was obtained by the reverse transcriptase reaction from which a 285 bp cDNA probe coding for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase [25(OH)D3-24-OHase] was generated by the polymerase chain reaction. Northern blotting performed with kidney poly (A)+ RNA isolated from rats (1) fed a standard diet, (2) depleted in D3 and hypocalcemic, and (3) fed a standard diet and injected intraperitoneally with 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 for 5 days showed that the transcript for 24-OHase was weakly expressed in control, and highly induced in vitamin D3-treated animals. No transcript could be elicited in vitamin D-depleted hypocalcemic animals in which 25(OH)D3-1 alpha-OHase was maximally induced. The data show that 24-OHase is independently regulated of 1 alpha-OHase, strongly suggestive of the enzymes being encoded by two distinct genes.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1989

Surrogacy and Shakespeare: the Merchant's contract revisited.

Despite measures intended to assure that adequate information, reasonable understanding, and willing participation are involved in surrogacy contracts, questions of economic coercion remain for surrogate mothers. Surrogate contracts have been voided in several states. Nevertheless, obstetricians may be caught between their wish to help the infertile couple desirous of a baby through surrogacy and the ethical and legal questions about the use of surrogacy as a medical treatment. Obstetricians should not be placed in the position of Portia in The Merchant of Venice, that of an arbiter of an unethical contract. Obstetricians should not prescribe or acknowledge surrogacy as a medical treatment and should not knowingly participate in contracts that lead to surrogate pregnancy.

Contracts↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibody associated with a lymphocyte subpopulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

An IgG monoclonal antibody that detects a subpopulation of lymphocytes found in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with CLL and malignant lymphoma is described. The initial immunization used to achieve the resultant monoclonal antibody included the use of cells obtained by DNA transformation of mouse L-cells with the DNA obtained from a morphologically altered somatic cell hybrid between primary human CLL peripheral lymphocytes and a flat-revertant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line designated GRC+L-73. Hybridomas were thus selected as potentially recognizing antigens associated with the morphological transformation induced by hybridization of CHO cells with lymphocytes from lymphocytic malignancies. One such hybridoma, designated 37-28, was selected for further investigation. The monoclonal antibody produced was IgG (gamma G2a) and detects a subpopulation of lymphocytes present in hematological specimens of some of the lymphocytic malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cells resistant to cytotoxic drugs are recognized by monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody produced by hybridomas obtained from a mouse immunized with drug-resistant cells recognizes certain hamster and human drug-resistant cell lines but not their drug-sensitive parental lines. Preliminary characterization of the antigen indicates that it is a molecule of approximately 180,000 daltons. This molecule may be the P-glycoprotein previously associated with a drug-resistance permeability barrier (Riordan JR, Ling V: J Biol Chem 254:12701-12705, 1979).

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1984

Nurses' perceptions of early breast cancer and mastectomy, and their psychological implications, and of the role of health professionals in providing support.

The literature on the psychological precursors and outcomes of cancer and the role of the surgeon and nurse in the psychological management of early breast cancer, is briefly reviewed. A questionnaire study tapped nurses' perceptions of the disease and its treatment, patients' problems and the provision of psychological support. Their responses indicated mixed attitudes toward treatment outcomes, but a general enthusiasm for health education. Mastectomy itself was seen as posing serious social problems by half the sample, and serious sexual problems by more than three-quarters, and many felt that the support currently provided for patients is inadequate. While nurses saw themselves as having a key role in giving comfort, they were less likely to see themselves in the role of counsellor. Many of the sample felt that they had not been trained to provide psychological care at this level. Here, the skills of a specialist nurse were looked for, in the case of counselling the patient herself, or the authority of the doctor, when counselling husbands.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Mechanism of efflux of melphalan from L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro.

The mechanism of efflux of melphalan from L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro was investigated. Evidence was obtained that drug efflux occurs by a process different from the influx mechanism. A time course of efflux followed a first-order process for at least 5 min, with a rate constant K of 0.13 +/- 0.05 (S.D.) min-1, and approximately 80% of drug taken up by the cells was exchangeable. From a kinetic analysis of melphalan efflux, it was not possible to determine if the mechanism of drug efflux was simple diffusion or a technically nonsaturable carrier-mediated process. The Q10 for drug efflux varied from 1.2 to 1.8, values intermediate between those expected for simple diffusion and a carrier-mediated process. Furthermore, drug efflux was sodium independent and was not inhibited by the presence of amino acids on the same side of the membrane, findings which support the concept that efflux was by simple diffusion. The presence of a wide variety of amino acids in the extracellular medium was found to stimulate melphalan efflux. An evaluation of the structure-activity relationship disclosed that amino acids containing hydroxyl, acidic, or amide side chains were most active; however, a distinct pattern between amino acid structure and stimulation of efflux was not established. The stimulation process was concentration dependent and was not restricted to either L5178Y cells or to melphalan as transport substrate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of men most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened.

Some of the characteristics of men, with known risk factors, who were most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened in a national randomized clinical trial to prevent heart disease were determined in 18,872 men, 35-57 years of age, members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Oregon. Demographic characteristics and risk factor variables (blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and cigarette smoking levels) were abstracted from medical records. The men were ranked high priority or low priority according to level of risk. All age-eligible men in the health plan received at least one invitation to be screened, with high-priority men receiving more invitations. Despite concentrated efforts to bring them in, less than one-half the high-priority men were screened. Participants were older and wealthier than non-participants, and more likely to have more dependents and to routinely use medical services. Whether or not a man received a medical care service within the preceding two years was a powerful discriminating variable in both the univariate and multivariate analyses reported. The findings suggest that health care programs serving a stable population group should give more consideration to screening in routine medical care.

Adult↗