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Biomedical subjects

J Guedon

Publications and source records attributed to J Guedon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hemodynamic effects of hemodialysis and hemofiltration.

The hemodynamic effects (n = 8) of hemodialysis (HD) and hemofiltration (HF) were compared in the same group of dialyzed patients. The two procedures induced the same decrease in body weight, total blood volume, and blood pressure; however, hemodynamic alterations were different. Cardiac index and stroke index decreased markedly with HD and did not change significantly with HF, and peripheral resistance remained stable after HD and decreased significantly after HF. These results suggest that the maintenance of a high cardiac output may account for the lack of acute hypotensive episodes reported during HF. The reduction of blood pressure after HF is related to the decrease in total peripheral resistance. Thus, the arterial vasodilator effect induced by HF might explain the improvement of severe hypertension on long-term treatment with HF, as reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The role of the venous reservoir in maintaining arterial pressure during hemodialysis. Effect of dihydroergotamine].

Hemodialysis has been reported to produce a decrease in cardiac output partially related to a peripheral relocation of blood volume. In order to further evaluate this hypothesis, the hemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE), a veino-constrictor drug, were investigated in 5 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Body weight, total blood volume, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate were obtained before (period A) and immediately after hemodialysis: before (period B) and after an acute infusion of DHE (period C); studies were performed in supine then in tilted position. During period B, cardiac index decreased by 27% (p less than 0.05) and stroke index by 35% (p less than 0.02). Acute infusion of DHE produced a significant increase in cardiac index (+ 18%, p less than 0.05), stroke index (+ 28%, p less than 0.05) and blood pressure (+ 20%, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the hemodynamic alterations induced by hemodialysis may be partially reversed by contraction of the capacitance system following DHE infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Long term treatment of resistant hypertension with captopril (author's transl)].

The orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 (captopril) was administered to 14 hypertensive patients resistant to conventional therapy. A marked antihypertensive effect was observed; all the patients were responders and blood pressure decreased by more than 20% in 13 out of them. Subjective tolerance was very good. Untoward effects of an immuno-allergic type have been noticed in 30% of these cases but disappeared in all instances when daily doses of the drug had been reduced, allowing maintenance of the treatment. Plasma renin activity increased during captopril administration but no relationship appeared between pretreatment plasma renin activity and the extent of blood pressure response to the drug. The use of captopril must be considered in severe and resistant hypertension but careful monitoring of this treatment is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The prognosis in primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the adult. 298 clinicopathological cases (author's transl)].

The study involved 298 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) in adults. The results of renal biopsy were used to classify the patients into four groups: Membranous GN, 81 cases; focal glomerulo sclerosis, 80 cases; Membrano-proliferative GN, 62 cases; GN with mesangial deposits of IgA, 75 cases. The patients were observed over a period ranging from 1 month to 36 years. The average period of surveillance for each category was between 4 and 6 years. The course in each histological type was assessed on the basis of actuarial tates of renal death, of moderate renal insufficiency (plasma creatinine greater than 1.5 mg%( and of hypertension. Renal survival at 10 years was was arounds 90% for membranous GN. 85% for GN with mesangial deposits of IgA, 70% for focal glomerulo sclerosis and 50% for membrano-proliferative GN. The prognosis should be based upon a combination of histological and clinical findings. Severity of prolonged nephrotic syndrome, regardless of the histological type of the nephropathy, is worthy of emphasis. In the group fo focal glomerulo sclerosis, prognosis differs greatly in relation to the presence or absence of a nephrotic syndrome. Complete remission may be seen in the group of focal glomerulo sclerosis, and in membrano-proliferative GN despite the persistence or worsening of histological lesions seen on repeated biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Focal glomerulosclerosis: natural history and treatment. A report of 70 cases.

70 cases of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) followed for periods ranging from 1 to 24 years are reported. 39 patients had a nephrotic syndrome. 31 patients had asymptomatic proteinuria. 97 renal biopsies were performed. At least one biopsy specimen from every patient showed focal and segmental involvement of glomeruli, but no lesions were observed on the first biopsy in 6 patients. 26 of the 35 patients with a nephrotic syndrome were treated with steroids alone and/or chemotherapy and/or indomethacin. Resistance to treatment was encountered in 21 patients. Complete remission was observed in 6 cases, despite persistence or accentuation of histological lesions on serial biopsies in 3 cases. Actuarial renal survival rate at 10 years was 45% in the group with a nephrotic syndrome versus 91% in patients with proteinuria. FGS with a persistent nephrotic syndrome represents the 'malignant' form of the disease. Recurrence of the disease was observed after transplantation in 2 cases and was absent in 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Spectrofluorimetric estimation in biological fluids of a new beta-blockader: atenolol. Application to its pharmacokinetic study (author's transl)].

The authors describe a simple method of fluorimetric estimation of atenolol, applicable to blood and urine, sufficiently sensitive to permit a pharmacokinetic study. After administration of a dose of 200 mg by the oral route to hypertensive subjects, one may observe a maximal plasma concentration 3 hours after the dose average value 3.91 +/- 0.71 mumol/l (1.04 +/- 0.19 mg/l). The apparent half life of elimination of phase beta is 14.1 +/- 4.9 h, values comparable with those calculated from urinary data 14.6 +/- 2.0 h. The renal clearance was 140 +/- 32 ml/min; 54 +/- 14% of the administered dose are excreted in the urine. After administration by the venous route, urinary excretion represents 96% of the dose administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of high dose d-l propranolol on the renin-angiotensin system in glycerol induced acute renal failure in rat.

Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-ischemic and nephrotoxic acute renal failure. This study was designed to determine the effect of d-l propranolol in glycerol induced acute renal failure in rats. 50% glycerol administered alone, induced a significant rise in blood urea and plasma renin concentration but no significant change in renal renin concentration. When administered with d-l propranolol (10 mg/kg body weight in 5 subcutaneous injections), mean blood urea, plasma renin and renal renin concentrations were not significantly different from the preceding group. Propranolol alone, administered in the same fashion, unexpectedly induced a rise in plasma renin concentration (p less than 0.05) while blood urea and renal renin concentrations were unchanged. Considering the unusually high dose of propranolol used, a second protocol was devised to compare the effects of d-l propranolol, in doses of 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. Plasma renin concentration rose after high dose propranolol, but decreased, although not significantly, after administration of 1 mg/kg. Renal renin concentration was unchanged. High dose d-l propranolol, does not protect rats against glycerol induced acute renal failure. Contrarily to the usual 1 mg/kg dose, it was found surprisingly to increase renin release.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

[Use of computers in real time. Clinical supervision of hypertension. Application to research (author's transl)].

High blood pressure has been selected as the subject of a first attempt at constituting an automated online medical records system at the Centre Médico-Chirurgical FOCH. This system is to be used routinely by physicians and nurses for daily care of patients and in statistical analysis of registered data for research purposes. Its operational phase is now beginning : registration of patients, edition of collected data, plannings of activity and abstracts are made routinely. Use of the system for clinical research purposes of an epidemiologic nature and its adaptation to more sophisticated tasks is planned in the near and more distant future.

Humans↗