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Biomedical subjects

J Guillemin

Publications and source records attributed to J Guillemin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Anthrax.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anthrax↗
PubMed1994

The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979.

In April and May 1979, an unusual anthrax epidemic occurred in Sverdlovsk, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet officials attributed it to consumption of contaminated meat. U.S. agencies attributed it to inhalation of spores accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city. Epidemiological data show that most victims worked or lived in a narrow zone extending from the military facility to the southern city limit. Farther south, livestock died of anthrax along the zone's extended axis. The zone paralleled the northerly wind that prevailed shortly before the outbreak. It is concluded that the escape of an aerosol of anthrax pathogen at the military facility caused the outbreak.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Life-saving therapy for newborns: a questionnaire survey in the state of Massachusetts.

The attitudes of Massachusetts pediatricians concerning life-saving therapies for newborns were surveyed. The sample was drawn from the membership list of the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Of the sample population of 801 physicians, 449 (56%) responded. Three hypothetical cases were presented with treatment options: (1) An infant with Down syndrome and duodenal atresia, (2) an infant with meningomyelocele and microcephaly and, (3) an extremely low birth weight infant of 700 g and 28 weeks' gestation suffering from birth asphyxia. For case 1, 73% of the physicians recommended surgical correction of the duodenal atresia. Of these, 68% would seek a court order if the parents did not consent to surgery. For case 2, 53% of the physicians recommended surgical repair of the meningomyelocele. For case 3, 90% of the physicians recommended continued resuscitation of the infant and referral to an intensive care unit. Religious affiliation and age were factors influencing these clinical recommendations, with Catholic and younger physicians tending to opt for more aggressive medical intervention. The great majority of physicians (93%) indicated that the economic situation of the family should not affect a decision regarding life-saving therapy. A majority (62%) of the physicians approved of infant care review committees with a primary advisory role. Comparison with earlier attitudinal surveys suggests that pediatricians today are more willing to intervene medically on behalf of infant patients than previously.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Microprocesses in early dialogue. Strategies of autonomy].

The authors present a microanalytic study of holding and gaze interactions in 16 families (clinical and non-clinical), each including infant-mother, father and stranger dyads. They summarize the findings on holding and gaze engagement/disengagement of their structural study on the first two minutes of dialogue. They proceed to present the findings on the microevolution over the entire play: how dyadic engagement/disengagement stabilizes and terminates, or how it evolves to another organisation. They discuss the similarities of the clinical and microanalytic methods and suggest that microanalysis is a useful contribution to the clinical sciences.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moral and ethical dilemmas in critically ill newborns: a 20-year follow-up survey of Massachusetts pediatricians.

OBJECTIVE: To replicate the 1987 survey, referring to the original 1977 study, regarding opinions about treatment for critically ill neonates. STUDY DESIGN: A long-term follow-up survey of American Academy of Pediatrics Massachusetts membership, maintaining the 1987 instrument, was initiated. RESULTS: A notable demographic shift in respondents from a majority of male practitioners in 1977 (89.6%), to 73% in 1987, to more equal numbers of men and women in 1997 (55% and 45%, respectively; p < 0.001; 1987 vs 1997) was apparent. Pediatricians' attitude changes over the 20-year period were relatively modest and were statistically associated with active medical intervention. In 1997, 75% of respondents rejected review committees as mediators, a marked change from 1987. Regardless of healthcare maintenance organization affiliations, 95% indicated that restrictive fiscal policies would not affect decision-making. CONCLUSION: This study indicates stability and consensus in pediatricians' attitudes toward active intervention for critically ill neonates compared with 1977 and 1987 surveys and reveals several claims to professional autonomy.

Adult↗