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Biomedical subjects

J Guinard

Publications and source records attributed to J Guinard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[How to operate kidney puncture in percutaneous nephrolithotomy?].

Obtaining a precise percutaneous calyceal puncture gave way to the development of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, one of the first micro-invasive techniques described in urology. Both radiologist and urologist can perform puncture, sometimes in a collaborative effort. However, being followed by a true surgical procedure, it should be done in the O.R; perfect knowledge of the procedure is mandatory for every urologist. Standard guidance uses a fluoroscopic C-arm device, only able to guide the needle precisely towards the apex of the chosen calyx. Moving the C-arm with cephalad tilting will provide 3-D imaging. Ultrasound guidance is an alternative, but might be difficult with non dilated upper tract. CT guidance and retrograde puncture are rarely used. The access is to be adapted according to the patient (adult or child), type of stone (single or multiple access), or kidney position (eutopic or ectopic). Direct ad stable puncture entering the apex of the chosen calyx is a pre-requisite for easy and efficient subsequent nephrolithotomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

In vitro effects of diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) on human and rat granulo-monocytic progenitors.

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various species of fungi. Trichothecenes are known as major contaminants of cereals and cereal-containing foods. DAS has been detected in agricultural products worldwide and persists in products after processing. In human as well as in animals, DAS consumption has been shown to induce haematological disorders (neutropenia, aplastic anemia). Granulo-monocytic progenitors (CFU-GM) from human umbilical cord blood and rat bone marrow have been cultured in the presence of DAS (from 10(-8) M to 5 x 10(-10) M) for 14 days. Study of concentration and effect relationships have shown a sharp effect of DAS on rat CFU-GM between 10(-7) M and 10(-8) M, while human CFU-GM are able to grow in the presence of 10(-8) M of the toxin. IC50 values on day 14 are respectively, 7.6 x 10(-9) M for human CFU-GM and 6.2 x 10(-9) M for rat CFU-GM.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of graded amounts of duodenal infusions of methionine on the mammary uptake of major milk precursors in dairy cows.

Arteriovenous differences in plasma and rate of blood flow were measured across the udder of four lactating dairy cows to examine the effects of increased supplies of a limiting AA on nutrient balance to the mammary gland. Treatment consisted of graded amounts of duodenal infusions of DL-Met (0, 8, 16, and 32 g/d) over 4-d periods according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a diet formulated to meet protein and energy requirements and based on 70:30 corn silage:concentrate ratio and dehydrated alfalfa (1.5 kg/d of DM). The basal diet met 70% of Met requirements. Yields of milk, fat, and protein and milk fat content were unaffected by infusions of Met, but milk protein content tended to increase by 5% to a maximum at the third treatment. Surprisingly, the rate of mammary blood flow declined in response to infusions of Met. The mammary uptake remained constant, nevertheless, for oxygen, energy-yielding nutrients, and nonessential AA. In contrast, the quantity of essential AA taken up by the udder decreased. As a result, milk protein yield seemed sustained by an increased efficiency of the mammary gland. In addition, in response to the Met infusions, the arterial supply of Met nearly increased 3-fold, and the mammary uptake of Met was similar across all treatments. The uptake of Met by the udder seems to be more related to the quantity of Met required for milk protein synthesis than to its concentration in the artery.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating cows. 1. Major nutrients.

Effects of duodenally infused casein on milk secretion were investigated by coupling measurements of mammary blood flow and arteriovenous differences. Four lactating cows were given a continuous duodenal infusion of 0, 177, 352, and 762 g of calcium caseinate/d according to a Latin square design. Diets, formulated to meet 90% of energy and protein recommendations, consisted of a ratio of corn silage:concentrate of 76:24 supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa. Yields of milk, protein, and fat increased linearly with casein infusions (by up to 2.6 kg/d, 126 g/d, and 133 g/d, respectively) as did milk protein content (by up to 2.2 g/kg). Mammary blood flow and insulin, prolactin, and growth hormone in plasma were not affected by added casein. Concentrations of arterial acetate, glucose, BHBA, and NEFA remained unchanged, but their uptake by the udder increased by 3, 18, 22, and 91%, respectively, between the control and high casein treatments. Plasma arterial concentrations and the mammary uptake of essential and nonessential AA increased linearly with casein infusions. Although arterial concentrations increased to a much greater degree for essential AA than for nonessential AA, the increased udder extraction was higher for nonessential AA. The main part of the added AA (90%) was extracted by the udder. However, a direct transfer of supplementary-extracted AA into milk did not occur, thus increasing AA availability for other metabolic pathways.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1994

Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating cows. 2. Individual amino acids.

The experiment examined patterns of mammary uptake of individual AA when graded amounts of calcium caseinate (0, 177, 362, and 762 g/d) were infused duodenally into four lactating cows. Six blood samples were collected over 12 h from the subcutaneous abdominal vein and the carotid. Mammary blood flow was measured by an ultrasonic flow probe implanted around the external pudic artery. Infusions of casein linearly increased the arterial concentrations of all essential AA and several nonessential AA (Pro, Tyr, Orn, and Cit) and increased, or tended to increase, linearly the mammary arteriovenous differences of all AA except Glu and Ala. Absorption ability of the mammary gland was not reduced in vivo. Relationships between mammary arteriovenous differences and arterial concentrations were positive and linear in every cow for all AA except Asn, Ser, Gly, and Ala. Some essential AA (Lys, Arg, and branched-chain AA) were therefore taken up in excess of their output into milk proteins, but others (His, Thr, Met, and Phe) were almost exclusively extracted by the udder in a direct ratio to their output. As infusions of casein increase, Phe becomes probably the most critical AA for milk synthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Effects of graded amounts of duodenal infusions of lysine on the mammary uptake of major milk precursors in dairy cows.

Effects of providing a limiting AA on milk secretion and mammary nutrient uptake were investigated using four lactating dairy cows given duodenal infusions of graded amounts of L-Lys-HCl (0, 9, 27, and 63 g/d). Infusions were administered over 4-d periods according to a Latin square design. Diets consisted of a 70:30 corn silage:concentrate ratio supplemented with 1.5 kg of DM/d as dehydrated alfalfa. The basal diet met requirements for energy and protein and was deficient in Lys. Cows were fitted with indwelling catheters inserted into the left carotid and left subcutaneous abdominal veins, and a transit-time flow probe was implanted around the left external pudic artery. Milk, fat, and protein yields were unaffected by infusions of Lys. Milk protein content increased to a maximum with the third treatment, and fat content showed opposite variation. Although arterial concentrations and arteriovenous differences of Lys increased to a plateau with the third treatment, the relationship between arteriovenous differences and arterial concentrations was curvilinear. Infusions of Lys tended to increase the efficiency of N utilization and the mammary extraction rates of AA to synthesize more milk proteins. Initially, Lys was extracted in a direct ratio to its milk output and then taken up in excess by the secretory cells, suggesting that Lys was no longer a limiting factor in milk protein synthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Left-sided inferior vena cava: source of peroperative difficulties in nephrectomy of a horseshoe kidney with pyonephrosis].

A case of left-sided inferior vena cava, discovered intra-operatively, is reported. The authors consider that the operative risk associated with this anomaly could have been avoided by preoperative ultrasonographic localisation of the vessel. They recommend that ultrasonographic localisation of the inferior vena cava should be an integral part of every renal ultrasonography examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Systematic hip roentgenograms in infants of 4 months of age in the screening for congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)].

The authors report the results of a statistical study undertaken for the screening of congenital dislocation of the hip. 961 children born between September 24, 1977 and June 30, 1978 were examined. Congenital dislocation of the hip was diagnosed in 9 (0.9 % of the cases). Out of these, 4 had no clinical sign of dislocatability at birth. The only determination of acetabular angles cannot be relied upon and qualitative criteria such as ilium thickness must be added.

Female↗
PubMed1979

[Fibrous dysplasia of long bones with remission. Apropos of 3 cases].

Three cases of fibrous dysplasia of bone, affecting the long bones of the leg are described. This condition is a clearly defined radiological and clinical entity. The tibial lesion is reminiscent of a congenital pseudarthrosis but the involvement of the fibula is a useful diagnostic clue. The most important feature of the condition is that it heals spontaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Pelvimetry (author's transl)].

A simple and precise technique for pelvimetry, delivering only a low dose of irradiation, is described. It includes the usual lateral view, but for the AP uses that of Fernstroëm. The technique and results are described.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

[The uterine contents (author's transl)].

The technique used for radiological examination of the uterine contents must be adapted to the reason for which it is being carried out. In particular, a study of bony maturation of the foetal knee may be carried out using a localised film, with compression and in lateral view, of the maternal abdomen. The technique of the large scoit film in ventral decubitus is reviewed; the study of the uterine contents, on lateral projection, which localisation and compression is described.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current indications for barium meal examinations of the small intestine in malabsorption syndromes in children (author's transl)].

The authors study the correlation between the degree of abnormality seen on radiological examination and the extent of atrophy of the villi in 29 children suspected to have had malabsorption syndromes. The radiological signs are valid but at the present time-intestinal biopsy is the only certain diagnostic examination. Based on these observations, an attempt is made to define the indications for barium meal examination of the small intestine.

Adolescent↗