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Biomedical subjects

J Guttmann

Publications and source records attributed to J Guttmann.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Frequency of fusion and of loss of fusion, and binocular depth perception with alternating stimulus presentation.

Stereoscopic vision was investigated with an experimental design allowing dichoptic stimulus presentation at different frequencies of image alternation. For twenty subjects the frequency of binocular fusion and the frequency of loss of fusion to one stereoscopic image was measured as a function of the convergence angle. In thirteen subjects no dependence of the fusion frequency was found, while seven subjects showed a marked increase of the fusion frequency with increasing angle of convergence. In all cases the frequency of fusion was higher than the frequency of loss of fusion. Both frequencies, however, are lower than the flicker fusion frequency. Under conditions where no monocular cues and no references for stereoptic depth comparisons were presented, the apparent distance of the image from the observer could not be assessed, but perception of relative motion in depth was possible. All subjects assessed the direction of motion accurately down to changes of the convergence angle of 0.2 deg s-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Absorption and disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in normal human subjects.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin were studied in healthy fasted subjects afqer both oral and intravenous administration of a single 500-mg dose. Serum levels and urinary excretion rates were determined at various time intervals by a microbiological method. The conventional two-compartment model with elimination occurring from the central compartment was used to analyze the data. Mean values were 3.40 h-1 for alpha and 0.68 h-1 for beta. Distribution constants kappa 12 and kappa 21 were 0.92 h-1 and 1.99 h-1, respectively. The rate constant for elimination from the central compartment, kappa 10, was 1.16 h-1. The volume of distribution was 20.2 liters (0.30 liter/kg), and the serum clearance was 13.3 liters/h. The absorption rate constant, kappa a, in the oral study, calculated by the Loo-Riegelman method, was 1.02 h-1, and the absorption half-life was 0.72 h. Absolute bioavailability after the oral dose was determined by comparing both the areas under the curve (AUC) and fractions of the antibiotic excreted unchanged in the urine. The AUC after oral administration was 77.4% of the intravenous AUC. On the other hand, recovery from the urine was 43.4% after the oral dose and 57.4% after the intravenous dose, indicating 76.5% bioavailability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Rifampicin inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells.

Rifampicin produces a dose-dependent decrease in protein synthesis in rat thymocytes. At concentrations up to 200 micrograms per milliliter, rifampicin does not alter rat thymic transcription. Rifampicin causes a direct inhibition of protein synthesis in rat thymic and hepatic microsomes, and in cadaveric human hepatic microsomes. Protein synthesis inhibition could explain the toxicity of rifampicin in man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A system for continuous long-term measurement of respiratory gas exchange in ventilated patients.

A system for continuous long-term measurement of respiratory gas exchange in ventilated patients is presented. The method is noninvasive and may be applied in a clinical setting over a period of several days without adversely affecting the patient's wellbeing. The set-up was designed exclusively as a research tool. It registers oxygen uptake and CO2 elimination at 5 min intervals; breath-averaged measurements are carried out every 30 s. Expired minute volume is measured with a pneumotachograph equipped with an automatic drift compensation. A newly developed gas mixer insures that the inspiratory oxygen concentration remains constant. Expired gases are analysed for O2 and CO2 concentrations by mass spectrometer. The effect of the compressible gas volume is eliminated by segregating the inspiratory gas from the expired gas. The basic accuracy of measurement of the method is +/- 2.5% for oxygen uptake and +/- 2.0% for CO2 elimination. This result is based on a comparison of the individual components of the system with standard methods. The system's time constant (t90) for changes in O2 and CO2 concentrations is about 50 s. Based on the results of a case study, we will discuss oxygen uptake, CO2 elimination and the oxygen uptake profile of a patient measured over a period of seven days.

Adult↗