Detecting HIV antibodies in needle-exchange syringes.
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HIV Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
J Guydish
Publications and source records attributed to J Guydish.
Evaluating needle exchange: do distributed needles come back?
We employed capture-recapture methods as a strategy for evaluating needle exchange. Needles distributed by the exchange at two time periods were marked with color coded bands indicating the date and site of distribution. Half of the marked needles (2,068/4,239) returned within two weeks of distribution, and 61 percent (2,593/4,239) returned during the study period. The rate of return for stationary exchange sites (63 percent) was greater than that for roving/mobile sites (51 percent; chi 2 = 28.6, p less than .001). Of all needles returned, 87 percent (2,248/2,593) returned to the site of original distribution.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Changes in sexual practices over 5 years of follow-up among heterosexual men in San Francisco.
This report describes changes in sexual behavior of 209 heterosexual men enrolled in a prospective study since 1984. Data were analyzed separately for men who married during the 60 months of follow-up. Study subjects reported fewer total sexual partners and an increase in condom use in the more recent time periods compared to the first period. The proportion of never married men reporting two or more partners in the previous 6 months decreased from 53.2 to 40.7%. All of these men were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative on entry and only one documented seroconversion occurred during the follow-up.
Adult↗
Evaluation of a hospital based substance abuse intervention and referral service for HIV affected patients.
This paper reports an outcome evaluation and needs assessment conducted by the AIDS and Substance Abuse Program (ASAP) of the San Francisco AIDS Health Project. The study was designed to: 1) evaluate effectiveness of a hospital based intervention and referral service for HIV affected substance abusers, and 2) gather information from this population regarding accessibility and barriers to drug treatment. Participants were 86 individuals consecutively referred to ASAP over an 8-month period. All received a brief needs assessment interview in addition to the standard ASAP evaluation protocol. Agency follow-up contacts were made for those individuals referred by ASAP to extended substance abuse treatment, with information limited to whether or not the client contacted the designated referral resource. Source of referral to ASAP, interest in treatment, and prior sexual risk behavior change were significant predictors of intervention outcome. Personal unreadiness and treatment program waiting lists were the most frequently reported obstacles to treatment. While most participants reported changing risk behavior in response to the AIDS epidemic, patterns of change differed according to intravenous drug use history.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Alcohol-related cognitions: do they predict treatment outcome?
Relationships have been reported between alcohol-related cognitions and a range of demographic, drinking behavior, and drinking problem variables. There has been speculation that such cognitions might help predict treatment outcome. We investigated the ability of one class of alcohol-related cognitions--motivations (specifically, reasons for limiting drinking)--to predict the outcomes of a secondary prevention program. Heavily drinking university men were randomly assigned to three groups with different intensities of self-regulation training. Data from the combined sample (n = 40) were analyzed, since outcomes did not differ significantly by treatment level. Four motivation factors, alcohol consumption variables, and alcohol-related problems were assessed pre and posttreatment. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the ability of pretreatment motivations to predict change on selected outcome measures. Two motivational factors were found significantly and differently related to program outcomes. Implications of these findings for future research and treatment effectiveness are discussed.
Adult↗