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Biomedical subjects

J H Eickhoff

Publications and source records attributed to J H Eickhoff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Ciprofloxacin and pivampicillin in acute epididymitis in men above the age of 40 years].

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily was compared to pivampicillin 700 mg orally twice daily for 10 days in 172 men (41-85 years) with acute epididymitis. Failure of treatment occurred in 48 patients, in 15/76 (19.7%) receiving ciprofloxacin versus in 33/82 (40.2%) receiving pivampicillin (p = 0.006). Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily is more effective than pivampicillin 700 mg orally twice daily and has fewer adverse events.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

A double-blind, randomized, controlled multicentre study to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin with pivampicillin as oral therapy for epididymitis in men over 40 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily with pivampicillin 700 mg orally twice daily for 10 days in men with acute epididymitis and over 40 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 172 men who entered a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind, trial of pivampicillin and ciprofloxacin. The median (range) age of the 158 patients eligible for the efficacy analysis was 58 (41-85) years; 41% had previously had a urinary tract infection and 27% had previously had epididymitis. Only one patient had a urethral catheter and 38% were sexually active. About half of the patients were admitted to hospital. RESULTS: No bacteria could be cultured from samples in 53% of the patients; Escherichia coli could be cultured from 35% and the remaining isolates were the expected urinary pathogens. None of the patients had Gonococci and only one in each group had Chlamydia. Mycoplasma hominis was detected in three patients only and M. genitalium was detected in three, while Ureaplasma was detected in 24 (15%). The treatment failed in 48 patients; in 15 of 76 (20%) receiving ciprofloxacin and in 33 of 82 (40%) receiving pivampicillin. This corresponds to a reduction in the risk of failure of 20.5% (95% confidence limits 6.6-40.2%, P=0. 006). The principal cause of failure was an unsatisfactory clinical response requiring changed antibiotic treatment in 27 patients; adverse events were responsible for failure in 14. The in vitro resistance of cultured bacteria was low in both groups, at approximately 4%. Adverse events, mainly gastro-intestinal, occurred in 17 of 83 (21%) patients starting on ciprofloxacin and in 33 of 89 (37%) receiving pivampicillin (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: For epididymitis in men over the age of 40 years ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily is more effective than pivampicillin 700 mg orally twice daily. Furthermore, ciprofloxacin has a lower incidence of adverse events.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Long-term results of the Stamey Bladder-neck suspension procedure and of the Burch colposuspension.

This retrospective study compares the long-term results of the Stamey bladder-neck suspension and the Burch colposuspension following operation for urinary incontinence in women. A total of 182 women underwent operation for urinary incontinence: 83 by Stamey bladder-neck suspension and 99 by Burch colposuspension. The case records were perused and questionnaires were sent to the 169 women who were still alive: 129 women had no previous operation for urinary incontinence. At follow-up in this group a median of 7 years after the operation, 32% were completely continent and 39% had improved after the Stamey method, as against 33% and 29%, respectively, after Burch (p > 0.05). The Stamey operation was associated with a lower complication rate (12%) and a lower rate of re-operation (16%) than the Burch operation (23% and 22%, respectively) (p > 0.05). Previous incontinence surgery and mixed type of incontinence was associated with poor outcome in the Stamey group.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Amputation and arterial reconstruction in peripheral occlusive arterial diseases in Denmark 1977-1993].

Information was retrieved from the national patient register (Landspatientregisteret), that contains information on all admissions to Danish hospitals 1977-1993. The number of admissions during which a diagnosis of occlusive arterial disease (OAD) of the lower extremities was made and an amputation performed increased from 1290 in 1977 to a maximum of 1609 in 1983 (p < 0.001). From 1987 on the number decreased almost 30% to 1111 in 1993 (p < 0.001). During the period the number of admissions during which arterial reconstruction for OAD were performed increased steadily from 963 in 1977 to 2637 in 1993 (p < 0.001). The result may indicate that vascular surgery is effective on a national scale in preventing amputations for OAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Perioperative blood transfusion does not affect survival after operation for renal cell cancer.

We retrospectively studied the effect of perioperative blood transfusion in 208 transfused and 50 nontransfused patients operated on during a 12-year period for renal cell cancer. The 5-year renal cell cancer specific survival rate was 0.46 in the transfused patients versus 0.62 in the nontransfused patients. However, when differences in risk factors were accounted for by Cox regression analysis, perioperative blood transfusion was not a significant risk factor. The study does not support the hypothesis that blood transfusion promotes death after operation for renal cell cancer.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1994

Prognosis after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

During the period 1977-1988 177 males and 81 females (age 28-87 years) had nephrectomy performed for renal cell carcinoma. The most frequent symptoms were flank pain (54%) and hematuria (53%). Few patients (6%) had the classical triad of symptoms. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years were 0.55 and 0.41. Renal cell carcinoma specific survival were 0.59 and 0.49. Univariate analyses showed that increasing T stage, positive N or M stage, increasing stage according to Robson, hypersedimentation, anaemia and perioperative blood transfusion had a significant detrimental influence on survival. Multivariate analysis showed that simple Robson stage gave a simpler and equally good description as did the TNM stage. In the Cox multiple regression analysis Robson stage and ESR were the only statistically significant variables.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

Changes in the number of lower limb amputations during a period of increasing vascular surgical activity. Results of a nation-wide study, Denmark, 1977-1990.

OBJECTIVE: To find out if the number of lower limb amputations for peripheral occlusive arterial disease increased during the period of increased vascular surgical activity 1977-1990. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a database covering all admissions to Danish hospitals. SUBJECTS: All patients admitted to Danish hospitals with peripheral occlusive disease during the period 1977-1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers, and age and sex specific incidence rates for admission, arterial reconstruction and amputation. RESULTS: The number of admissions during which arterial reconstruction for OAD was done increased from 963 in 1977 to 2311 in 1990 (p < 0.001). The number of admissions during which a diagnosis of OAD was made and an amputation done increased from 1290 in 1977 to a maximum of 1609 in 1983 (p < 0.001). The number remained nearly constant in the mid-1980s but decreased during last part of the period to 1181 in 1990 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The reduction in the number of amputations may indicate that vascular surgery even on a national scale is effective in preventing amputations for OAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Perioperative blood transfusion does not promote recurrence and death after mastectomy for breast cancer. The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

Several reports suggest that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence and death after cancer surgery. We studied the effect of transfusion in 1599 patients who had mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. In 228 transfused patients the disease recurred in 110 (48 per cent), compared with 647 (47 per cent) of 1371 non-transfused patients (P = 0.85). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 0.54 in the transfused patients and 0.60 in the non-transfused group (P = 0.44). The transfused patients had a higher prevalence of risk factors than the non-transfused patients. Cox's multiple regression analysis confirmed that perioperative blood transfusion was of no importance. The study does not support the hypothesis that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence after operation for breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Peri-operative blood transfusion in relation to tumour recurrence and death after surgery for prostatic cancer.

Several reports have suggested that peri-operative blood transfusion promotes tumour recurrence and death after surgery for cancer. We have studied the effect of transfusion in 156 patients operated on for prostatic cancer. A retrospective review was made of the clinical, histopathological and transfusion data in their hospital records. Sixty patients received blood transfusions and 96 did not. The 5-year prostatic cancer specific survival rate was 0.56 in the transfused patients and 0.69 in the non-transfused group. The transfused patients had a higher prevalence of risk factors than did the non-transfused. When the differences in risk factors were accounted for by Cox regression analysis, peri-operative blood transfusion reduced the prostatic cancer death intensity by 36%. The study does not support the hypothesis that blood transfusion promotes recurrence following surgery for prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence and death after resection for cancer of the colon and rectum.

Several reports have claimed that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence and death after cancer surgery. We studied the effect of transfusion in 315 patients who had radical resection for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. The disease recurred in 113 (42%) of 268 transfused patients, versus in 15 (32%) in 47 non-transfused patients (P = 0.2). Of the transfused patients 102 (38%) died of colon cancer, versus 13 patients (28%) in the non-transfused group (P = 0.2). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 0.59 in the transfused patients and 0.72 in the non-transfused group (P = 0.10). When differences in confounding background variables were accounted for by Cox multiple regression analysis, the significance of transfusion was even less. The study does not support the hypothesis that perioperative blood transfusion promotes recurrence after operation for colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Can chlorophyll reduce fecal odor in colostomy patients?].

The effect of 75 mg chlorophyll tablets thrice daily was studied in 28 colostomy patients. The investigation was carried out as a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The effect of chlorophyll did not differ from that of a placebo in the patients' subjective assessment of the unpleasant odour.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of electrode temperature on orthostatic changes in forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-PO2).

The influence of increasing the temperature of the transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-PO2) electrode from 37 to 45 degrees C on the orthostatic changes in tc-PO2 was studied in six normal subjects. The tc-PO2 electrode was mounted on the forefoot. The blood pressure of the forefoot was changed by elevating and lowering the forefoot in relation to heart level. At all electrode temperatures tc-PO2 decreased about 35% when the forefoot was elevated. At electrode temperatures between 41 and 45 degrees C tc-PO2 increased about 20% when the electrode was lowered below heart level. This indicates a passive vascular bed in the heated tissue under the electrode. However, at 37 degrees C tc-PO2 decreased about 40% when the forefoot was lowered. This indicates that the local vasoconstrictor response to increased venous transmural pressure is preserved when the tissue under the electrode is heated to 37 degrees C only. The study suggest that tc-PO2 monitoring at 37 degrees C may be used for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of the local vasoconstrictor response, and thus of arteriolar contractility and intact sympathetic innervation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Four years' results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing polytetrafluoroethylene and modified human umbilical vein for below-knee femoropopliteal bypass.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gore-Tex) and human umbilical vein (Biograft) arterial grafts were compared for below-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting in a prospective randomized clinical trial. One hundred five patients (105 limbs) entered the trial. Seventy-six percent suffered from rest pain, ulceration, or gangrene. The median postoperative ankle-arm blood pressure index was 0.36. Twenty-three limbs had three patent tibial arteries, 46 limbs had two tibial arteries, 31 limbs had one patent artery, and five limbs had isolated popliteal segments. Thirty-four percent were repeat operations. Fifty-five patients were allocated to receive PTFE grafts and 50 to receive human umbilical vein grafts. The two groups were comparable as to preoperative risk factors and operative and postoperative treatment. During the first 4 years (maximum 1609 days) 40 PTFE grafts and 24 umbilical veins occluded. At 1 year the PTFE patency rate was 53% and at 4 years was 22%. For umbilical vein the corresponding figures were 74% and 42% (p = 0.005, Gehan test). During follow-up the incidence of PTFE failure was on the average 2.1 times higher than that of umbilical vein failure (95% confidence limits 1.2 to 3.4).

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow and capillary filtration in limbs with occlusive arterial disease. Studies before and after arterial reconstruction.

The aim of the study was to examine the local blood flow regulation and the capillary filtration rate in patients with occlusive arterial disease before and after arterial reconstructive surgery. Fourty-seven normal subjects and 99 patients were studied. Subcutaneous blood flow was measured on the forefoot by the local 133Xenon method. Forefoot arterial blood pressure was measured indirectly by cuff and strain-gauge technique. Capillary filtration rate was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography on the forefoot. The arterial and venous pressures of the forefoot were changed by elevating or lowering the foot in relation to heart level. In normal limbs autoregulation was demonstrated during elevation of the limb when blood flow remained almost constant despite the reduction in arterial and perfusion pressures. The local vasoconstrictor response to increased venous transmural pressure was demonstrated when the limb was lowered and blood flow decreased about 30% despite a constant perfusion pressure. In limbs with occlusive arterial disease both local blood flow regulation mechanisms became progressively more abnormal the severe the symptoms and the lower the distal blood pressure. Estimations of the changes in local vascular resistance suggested that the abnormalities in blood flow regulation in all but the severest cases are the result of changes in local perfusion pressure rather than the result of inability of the arteriolar smooth muscle to dilate and constrict in response to changes in arterial and venous pressures. After arterial reconstruction the two mechanisms generally normalized within about a week. However, disturbances occurred in some cases in the early postoperative period, possibly as the result of postoperative pain and stress. Postreconstructive hyperaemia developed in most limbs despite the early normalization of local blood flow regulation. Compared with normal limbs, the forefoot capillary filtration rate was reduced in limbs with occlusive arterial disease. In the early postoperative period the filtration rate remained reduced, but it increased to normal values within three months. Postreconstructive oedema developed independently of the normalization of blood flow regulation, and almost exclusively after femoro-distal by-pass surgery. The study supports the hypothesis that the postreconstructive oedema is a lymphoedema due to surgical trauma, rather than the result of microvascular derangement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Local regulation of subcutaneous forefoot blood flow during orthostatic changes in normal subjects, in sympathetically denervated patients and in patients with occlusive arterial disease.

Local blood flow regulation was studied on the forefoot by the 133-Xenon wash-out method. In 21 normal limbs blood flow decreased 36% when the foot was lowered 40 cm below heart (local vasoconstrictor response). During elevation blood flow was constant to 20 cm, and flow decreased only 10% at further elevation to 40 cm, corresponding to a drop in vascular resistance of 15% (autoregulation of blood flow). In six sympathetically denervated limbs blood flow decreased only 6%, significantly less than in the normal limbs. Autoregulation of blood flow was preserved in these limbs. In 22 limbs with intermittent claudication blood flow decreased only 19%, significantly less than in the normal limbs. However, taking into account the additional increase in arterial pressure that occurs, when a limb with arterial occlusion is lowered there was no significant difference (p = 0.26) in the increase in vascular resistance between the two groups. During elevation vascular resistance decreased significantly in the claudicants indicating preservation of autoregulation. In limbs with rest pain blood flow increased 28% during lowering, and when the additional increase in arterial blood pressure was accounted for, a significant increase in vascular resistance of 21% was noted. During elevation blood flow decreased significantly, and the estimated vascular resistance in this group did not decrease significantly. The study suggests that the increase in blood flow and the relief of ischaemic rest pain induced by lowering are due to an additional increase in arterial pressure rather than due to dilatation of arterioles.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗