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Biomedical subjects

J H Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to J H Elliott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Psittacosis. A flu like syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Psittacosis is a relatively common cause of community acquired pneumonia in adults in Australia. Although the illness is usually mild to moderate in severity, it can, be life threatening. It should be considered as a possible cause of any flu like illness. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigation and outpatient management of psittacosis. DISCUSSION: The key to the management of psittacosis is considering the diagnosis. If a history is obtained of contact with birds, a careful search for respiratory symptoms, signs or chest X-ray changes should take place. If the clinical likelihood is high, empirical therapy with doxycycline should be started. Acute and convalescent serology should then be taken to help establish the diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Diffuse large cell, B-cell type lymphoma with a novel translocation (2;22)(p23;q11.2).

We observed a translocation (2;22)(p23;q11.2) in the bone marrow cells of a patient with multiple subcutaneous nodules. Tumor histology and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type, displaying a CD30 negative B cell immunophenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this specific translocation in lymphoma, which may join the site of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene at 2p23 to the region of the immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene at 22q11.2. The ALK gene was initially identified through its involvement in the t(2;5)(p23;q35) found most commonly in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This observation in a CD30 negative large cell lymphoma of B cell lineage further extends the relationship of anaplastic large cell morphology, ALK activation, lymphoid lineage, and expression of the CD30 antigen.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase↗
PubMed1990

Sterile corneal ulceration after cataract extraction in patients with collagen vascular disease.

We report the occurrence of sterile corneal ulceration in 11 eyes of eight patients with collagen vascular diseases and dry eyes after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Keratolysis occurred after both extracapsular and intracapsular cataract extraction and appeared unrelated to the type of intraocular lens. Despite aggressive lubrication and other medical treatment, including systemic immunosuppressive agents, penetrating keratoplasty was often required. Although all eyes were saved, visual outcome was usually poor. The histopathologic finding of polymorphonuclear leukocytes localized near the areas of corneal dissolution provides evidence for the role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived collagenase as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Traumatic wound dehiscence in pseudophakia.

In a series of 11 pseudophakic patients (11 eyes) who sustained wound dehiscence as a result of blunt trauma, five intraocular lenses were dislocated, one was fractured, and two were expulsed. Wound rupture occurred from three days to one year after surgery; the most common cause of injury was a fall. Iris prolapse was observed in all patients, with hyphema observed in seven. Vitreous prolapse occurred in four patients, and three patients developed retinal detachment. Six of the 11 patients had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better after repair. The limbal wound of a pseudophakic eye can dehisce as a consequence of blunt trauma long after surgery, and the position of the intraocular lens can be disrupted. Patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation should be advised about the importance of long-term protective eyewear.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Acanthamoeba keratitis in Tennessee: a growing problem in patients wearing contact lenses.

All physicians evaluating a painful red eye in a contact lens wearer should consider the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Although it remains relatively rare, the incidence of this infection is on the rise. Clues to the correct diagnosis include a corneal abrasion that fails to heal appropriately, pain out of proportion to the clinical findings, and a history of poor contact lens hygiene. Prompt recognition and appropriate ophthalmologic intervention can improve the visual outcome for patients with this devastating corneal infection.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1987

Herpes simplex masquerade syndrome: acanthamoeba keratitis.

Acanthamoeba is a free-living, fresh-water protozoan that can cause severe corneal disease. Acanthamoeba keratitis can closely mimic epithelial and stromal Herpes simplex keratitis. Three cases of severe keratitis, were referred for treatment. One patient presented with a pseudodendritic epithelial lesion that gradually progressed to stromal involvement. A second patient presented with central stromal infiltrate and necrosis, while a third exhibited features of a disciform lesion with the later development of an immune ring. Acanthamoeba was recovered from the cornea in each case. The distinctive characteristics of the history and clinical findings in Acanthamoeba keratitis can aid the clinician in distinguishing between these two clinical entities. Cytopathology and special staining and culture techniques can confirm the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Visual impairment following radial keratotomy. A cluster of cases.

Thirteen patients who underwent radial keratotomy developed complications leading to visual impairment. Three eyes were legally blind. Two groups of complications were seen: those common to surgical procedures involving the eye--optic atrophy, infections, cataract and retinal detachment, and those unique to radial keratotomy--complete failure of the procedure, marked undercorrection, marked overcorrection, and induced astigmatism. Symptoms due to anisometropia were prominent in the latter group who considered themselves visually disabled by the surgery. Radial keratotomy, like all surgical procedures, is liable to complications that may lead to visual impairment, blindness, or loss of an eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Orbital metastasis from cutaneous melanoma.

Although orbital extension from ocular melanoma occurs frequently in advanced cases, orbital metastasis from cutaneous melanoma has been reported but eight times previously. We have reported two such cases. One of the patients had three previous primary melanomas; the other had metastasis to the cauda equina. Both patients died when orbital involvement developed years after the initial lesions. Ours are the first cases to include CT and MRI findings in metastatic orbital melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hereditary sclerocornea.

Sclerocornea is a primary anomaly in which scleralization of a peripheral part of the cornea, or the entire corneal tissue, occurs. In the peripheral type of sclerocornea, the affected area is vascularized with regular arcades of superficial scleral vessels. In total sclerocornea, the entire cornea is opaque and vascularized. To our knowledge, 97 cases of all types of sclerocornea have been reported in the world literature, either as a primary anomaly or in association with cornea plana. Peripheral sclerocornea in association with cornea plana was found in nine members of one family, in four of five generations studied. To our knowledge, this is the largest pedigree of hereditary peripheral sclerocornea identified. Our pedigree suggests the autosomal-dominant transmission of this entity but doesn't rule out phenocopies or other modes of inheritance in other cases of sclerocornea. Chromosomal analyses of representative family members revealed normal karyotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Using radiation damage to obtain a large quantity of matched-sensitivity thermoluminescent dosimeters.

We used radiation damage to reduce the sensitivity of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) to match that of the working stock in our Dosimetry Laboratory. The mean sensitivity of the TLDs we altered fell within 1% of the stock mean and the distribution we obtained was much narrower than the +/- 10% limits on the working stock. By rejecting 1.5% of the test material, limits of +/- 5% could be established, thereby improving the precision of dosimetry measurements. The shapes of glow curves after irradiation remained unchanged. Our phototransferred thermoluminescence dose-reestimation procedure was still viable; however, the necessity for removing the TLDs' prior dose history became apparent, and we describe a procedure to handle this problem.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1982

Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis. Visual outcome following noninvasive therapy.

Staphylococcus epidermidis has been reported with increasing frequency as a cause of bacterial endophthalmitis. Over the past eight years 18 consecutive postsurgical cases have been treated by combined antibiotic-corticosteroid therapy without intravitreal antibiotics or vitrectomy. Fourteen (78%) achieved a final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. When these cases were added to similarly reported cases in the literature, 72% achieved this level of vision. By contrast, 42% of adequately documented cases in the literature treated by intravitreal antibiotics, and 42% treated additionally by vitrectomy, achieved a vision of 20/50 or better. S. epidermidis is an organism with a low order of virulence. The use of intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy do not appear to be necessary for effective treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to epidermal growth factor in the rabbit.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has been shown to stimulate epidermal proliferation and keratinization and to induce regeneration of rabbit corneal epithelium, was studied for its immunogenic potential in rabbits. Mouse-derived EGF was administered topically, subconjunctivally, intrastromally, and systemically. Systemic immunization was done both with and without complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). EGF-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes of all immunized animals were tested for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to EGF. All experimental animals demonstrated CMI as determined by either classic positive delayed skin tests or by in vitro production of migration inhibitory factors, regardless of the route of sensitization. Only animals immunized systemically with EGF and CFA produced high-titered specific anti-EGF antibody, and only this group showed ocular reactions after subsequent topical challenge of EGF. These results suggest that antibody to EGF is the major cause for ocular inflammatory reactions observed subsequent to topical EGF challenge of a sensitized animal.

Administration, Topical↗