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Biomedical subjects

J H Flaskerud

Publications and source records attributed to J H Flaskerud.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Determining the need for mental health services in rural areas.

This study examined the need for mental health services as reported by rural consumers in DHHS Region V. It compared social indicator and consumer survey methods of determining need. Data were collected by mailed questionnaires and personal interviews from a probability sample of 3,057 rural residents. The need for mental health services was found to be no greater than that which has been reported for other residential areas. The social indicator method was found to be a poor predictor of need when compared to the consumer survey.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of the index of medical underservice. Results from a rural consumer survey.

The validity of the Index of Medical Underservice (IMU) was evaluated by examining the ability of the IMU to discriminate among levels of need for health services reported by rural consumers in response to a mail survey questionnaire. It was hypothesized that if the IMU is a valid indicator of medical underservice, then where the IMU value for an area was relatively low, respondents would report relatively less access and availability of health services, less utilization of health services, a lower health status level, and less satisfaction with available health services. The IMU was not found to be an effective discriminator among levels of need for health services as reported by the survey respondents. Further, the dichotomous designation of areas as medically underserved or not medically underserved according to IMU values was found to display even less discriminatory ability. A comparison of areas at opposite extremes of the range of IMU values accounted for only a small proportion of the variance in six criterion measures. The findings raise serious questions about the utility of the IMU for determining funding priorities for health services programs. It is recommended that use and interpretation of the IMU be made with caution and supplemented by additional data as much as possible.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1983

Rural attitudes toward and knowledge of mental illness and treatment resources.

The stigma associated with mental illness is purported to be a major factor in the resistance of rural residents to mental health services. Through mail questionnaires and personal interviews, the authors gathered data from 3,057 rural residents in six Midwestern states on their attitudes toward and knowledge of mental illness and mental health services. They also examined the relationships between the demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge and attitudes. In contrast to the findings of several other studies, the rural respondents in this study reported positive attitudes about treatment of mental illness. They expressed a high level of awareness of a variety of mental health services and appeared satisfied with those services. The authors discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies between the findings of this study and the studies reporting negative attitudes.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

Resources rural consumers indicate they would use for mental health problems.

This study identified the health resources that rural consumers in DHHS Region V indicated they would use for mental health problems. Data were collected by survey research methods from a probability sample of 3057 rural residents. The study found that rural residents prefer to use primary care givers for mental health problems except in the case of serious mental illness.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical nursing implications for the recovery of atrophied skeletal muscle following bed rest.

Atrophied skeletal muscle is a common clinical manifestation of bed rest that occurs primarily because of a lack of weight-bearing activity on the muscle. Findings from several studies using an animal model to simulate the effects of bed rest on muscles indicate that when atrophied muscle is used again for weight-bearing activity, it undergoes a series of physiological changes, such as muscle fiber (myofiber) damage, death, and regeneration. Also, in the recovering muscle, the inflammatory white blood cells, called macrophages, accumulate and shift in type in relation to the ongoing myofiber changes. Similar processes may occur in the muscles of a patient resuming normal physical activity following bed rest. The authors briefly describe the physiological changes related to atrophied muscle recovery and the implications for nursing care. Nursing measures for the recovery period may include (a) assessing for symptoms associated with muscle injury, decreased strength, and fatigue; (b) encouraging sufficient protein intake and maintaining normal metabolic demands to ensure muscle repair; and (c) temporarily avoiding the use of immunosuppressive therapy, if possible, to ensure adequate macrophage function.

Bed Rest↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conducting biological research to advance rehabilitation nursing practice.

Rehabilitation nursing practice is concerned with many clinical manifestations that have an underlying biological impairment. Advances in managing these manifestations will depend in part on research that incorporates the biological dimension. The purpose of this article is to encourage more rehabilitation nurses to engage in biological research. To achieve this aim, several different categories of biological nursing research are described using rehabilitation nursing examples, biological measures and approaches are discussed, and possible general clinical outcomes, with examples from previously published biological nursing research, are described. Biological nursing research may enhance professional competence, improve patient care, and improve patient safety.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual prevention of HIV: a model for Latinos.

Despite reductions in AIDS deaths in the general population, Latino AIDS deaths in the United States have been increasing. The underlying cause of the rising HIV infection rates in the U.S. Latino population is not fully understood. Focus groups among Mexicans in North Carolina revealed methods of prevention that were different from those recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A research-based Mexican model of HIV prevention is proposed and contrasted with a model deducted from CDC prevention strategies. Recently immigrated Mexicans may be unlikely to adopt the CDC model of HIV prevention due to their culturally specific views of prevention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethnicity, culture, and neuropsychiatry.

The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the relationships among ethnicity, culture, neuropsychiatric diagnosis, and treatment. Psychiatric nurses provide care to an ethnically and culturally diverse group of clients. Knowledge of ethnic and cultural differences are essential to diagnosis and treatment. Ethnic diversity affects psychiatric diagnosis. Cross-ethnic differences in genetics, diet, environmental exposure, and fetal, childhood, and adolescent development may result in varied experiences of psychiatric illness among ethnic groups. Ethnic diversity also affects psychiatric treatment. There are dramatic ethnic differences in the metabolism of psychotropic medications and the effects of drugs on target organs. These differences are again due to genetic variation, exposure to different diets and environments, and other medications in use. Cultural diversity influences both diagnosis and treatment. Cultural forces shape symptom formation and the expression of distress, creating many sources for misdiagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria. The culture-bound syndromes represent unique illness forms with a natural history distinct from DSM classification. Culture also influences treatment expectations, therapeutic compliance, family involvement, and the interpretation of side effects, all of which help determine whether or not treatment will be effective. Neuropsychiatric nurses can contribute to research by studying cross-ethnic differences and similarities in biological markers of mental illness. A second significant area for research is that of ethnicity and psychotropic drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health nursing in the 21st century.

Mental health nursing in the 21st century will expand to include a neuropsychiatric focus that encompasses the science, knowledge, and skills of both neurology and psychiatry. The shift to neuropsychiatric nursing is directed by the explosion of knowledge in the neurobiologic basis of mental illness, tremendous advances in diagnostic technology, and the discovery of new and more effective psychopharmacologic treatments. Neuropsychiatric disorders are common, disabling, costly, and stigmatizing. A neuropsychiatric paradigm allows treatment to reach more people who are affected and is less stigmatizing than a psychosocial view alone. Neuropsychiatric advanced practice nurses will need both primary care and specialty knowledge and skills. The challenge to nursing education is to determine how best to incorporate this knowledge and skills into curricula. Neuropsychiatric research must focus on both biologic and behavioral measures and interventions. The philosophical and ethical challenge to nursing is to integrate biologic and behavioral concepts into the nursing care of mentally ill people while remaining centered in the nursing domain and maintaining our focus on caring and our sensitivity to the human condition.

Biological Psychiatry↗