Biomedical subjects

J H Fuller

Publications and source records attributed to J H Fuller.

149 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between stress and the development of diabetic complications.

Using the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule of Brown and Harris, the relationship between preceding stress and the onset of diabetic complications and premature death was investigated prospectively in a random sample of 130 patients with diabetes, aged 35-59 years. The presence of stress, assessed as severe life-events and severe long-term difficulties, was not significantly associated with premature death or the onset of macrovascular disease over the relatively short period of follow-up (4 years). Those who commenced anti-hypertensive therapy during the follow-up period were significantly more likely to have experienced five or more severe life-events during the previous 5 years (40 vs 6%, p less than 0.01), and also to have experienced one or more severe long-term difficulties during the same time period (60 vs 28%, p less than 0.05). A multiple Cox regression analysis showed that the effects of stress were independent of other factors such as baseline blood pressure, type of diabetes, sex, and ethnic group.

Diabetes Complications↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Education and employment experiences in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Educational attainment, employment experiences, and self-esteem were measured using semi-structured questionnaires in young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and in a group of age/sex matched healthy controls. Results showed that subjects with diabetes and their matched controls obtained comparable qualifications at all levels. However, subjects with diabetes were less likely to feel competent with regard to their educational performance, and many of this group reported experiencing difficulties at school. There were no differences in the proportion of each group who had experienced unemployment, although this was explained more by social class and educational attainment. Whereas only a minority had decided to withhold information about their condition from their employers, one-third of those with diabetes had experienced health-related problems in obtaining employment. This study suggests that the educational achievements and employment experiences of young adults with diabetes may not differ from those of healthy controls. However subjective reports of difficulties in these areas may be associated with reduced self-esteem. Confirmation of these findings should be carried out in a larger sample, using a prospective design.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus.

The clinical impression of an association between hypertension and diabetes mellitus has not been consistently confirmed by epidemiological studies. The variety of methodological problems in this area of research includes the choice of appropriate patient and control groups, the measurement techniques used, and consideration of many possible confounding variables. Several prospective studies have shown that hypertension may be a potent risk factor for diabetic macrovascular and microvascular disease. This relationship may have important preventive implications, and raises the question of the optimal antihypertensive therapy in diabetic patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other "risk factors" as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study.

In 9 of the 14 national samples of diabetic patients assembled for the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes additional laboratory data made it possible to relate manifestations of macrovascular disease to blood glucose concentrations as well as to diabetes duration and to other potential determinants. In five of the samples, serum triglyceride concentrations were also measured and were included in simple and multivariate analyses. Ischemic heart disease defined from Minnesota-coded EKGs and standardized WHO questionnaires was more strongly associated with serum triglyceride concentrations than with serum cholesterol concentrations, an association less notable in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Ischemic heart disease was not related to the single fasting plasma glucose estimated for this study. Stroke and amputation were much more strongly related to the known duration of diabetes than was ischemic heart disease, and they were both related to blood glucose concentration measured at the time of study. Despite major variation in arterial disease prevalence rates between collaborating centers, risk for diabetic women appeared to equal that for diabetic men. The major variation in arterial disease prevalence between national groups could be accounted for only in part by the risk factors studied. Other factors, genetic or more likely environmental, are likely to contribute to the variation in arterial disease susceptibility and, if definable, may be potentially preventable.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of horizontal head movements evoked by auditory and visual targets.

Head movement propensity-the pattern of head saccades dependent on methods of target presentation-varies among individuals. The present group of 9 young adults was previously ranked in a visual saccadic task according to this propensity. The present report examines how and why this propensity changes if the saccades are made to auditory targets. 1) Spatially identical, interleaved, auditorily and visually elicited horizontal saccadic gaze shifts (jumps) differed in amplitude and in starting and/or ending position. The jumps were executed in two head movement modes: first, the non-aligned mode was a standard reaction-time single gaze step between two points. Second, the head-aligned mode required alignment of the head with the fixation (starting) point; thereafter both modes were identical. All results in the auditory task are expressed relative to the visual results. 2) In the non-aligned mode, head movement amplitudes were increased on average by 15% (for example, an 80 degrees jump elicited a 12 degrees larger head movement), and velocity decreased by 12%, reflecting the increased demands of the auditory task. More importantly, the differences between subjects was narrowed; that is, head movement propensity was homogenized in the auditory task. In the visual task, head-movers willingly move their heads off and across the midline, whereas non-movers are unwilling to leave the midline from eccentric starting points or to eccentric ending points. This is called the midline attraction effect and was previously linked to spatial reference frames. The homogenization in the auditory task was characterized by head-movers increasing, and non-movers decreasing, their midline attraction, suggesting altered spatial reference frames. 3) For heuristic purposes, the ideal head-mover is defined by a gain of 1.0 in the visual task, and by external earth-fixed reference frames. Similarly, the ideal non-mover has a gain of 0.0 and has a bias toward body (or some par of the body)-fixed reference frames. In the auditory task these gains (and reference frames) in head movers and non-movers are homogenized (close to 0.5), either by the participation of the head (movement of the ears in space) in sensory acquisition or by differences in central nervous processing of the two modalities, or both.

Acoustic Stimulation↗