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Biomedical subjects

J H Kavanaugh

Publications and source records attributed to J H Kavanaugh.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Noninvasive evaluation of knee meniscal tears: preliminary comparison of MR imaging and CT.

One hundred twenty knees were examined prospectively with both axial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to compare the value of these techniques in patients with clinical evidence of meniscal tears. Sixty-four of these knees were subsequently evaluated with diagnostic arthroscopy. In this group, CT was superior to MR imaging for meniscus evaluation in 29.7% of the knees, equal to MR in 54.7%, and inferior to MR in 15.6%. Although surface-coil MR imaging shows great promise and has numerous advantages over more conventional techniques, this preliminary experience suggests that, at least with certain imaging equipment and techniques, CT may be slightly more efficacious than 0.5-T MR imaging in meniscus evaluation. However, further comparative studies at higher field strengths are needed before the relative roles of CT and MR imaging can be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Diagnosis of meniscal tears using high-resolution computed tomography. Correlation with arthroscopy.

Four hundred and fifty patients (840 knees) underwent axial computed tomography of the knee in a prospective study to evaluate the ability of this technique to identify and characterize meniscal tears. One hundred and thirty-three of the knees subsequently had diagnostic arthroscopy. When compared with the findings at arthroscopy, the sensitivity of computed tomography was 96.5 per cent, the specificity was 81.3 per cent, and the accuracy was 91.0 per cent. The precise protocol for the method of computed tomographic scanning that was employed and the criteria that were used to interpret the images are presented. We found computed tomography to be a valuable non-invasive method for the detection and characterization of meniscal tears.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1986

Meniscus tears of the knee: prospective evaluation with CT.

A total of 209 patients underwent prospective axial computed tomography (CT) examinations of the knee to evaluate the ability of this technique to identify and characterize knee menisci in patients believed to have meniscus tears. Of the 359 knees examined, 105 subsequently underwent arthrography, arthroscopy, or arthrography and arthroscopic surgery. In this group, the sensitivity of CT was 88.5%, specificity was 95.5%, and accuracy was 91.5%. Although axial CT is a sensitive and effective method for the detection and characterization of tears involving the medial and lateral menisci, purely horizontal or nondisplaced peripheral tears may be difficult to demonstrate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Caveat: hip fractures in the mentally deficient.

Some hip fractures in mentally deficient patients are days to weeks old, are not painful, and can be treated nonoperatively. Despite current emphasis on reduction an internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, displaced fractures (Garden IV) in this group should not be nailed. Impacted neck fractures (Garden I) should be pinned in situ and the patient should ambulate immediately. Hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice for displaced intracapsular fractures in those previously ambulatory. Late pain is not a clinical problem. Extracapsular fractures should be reduced and nailed with a sliding device in a valgus position without medial displacement, and the patient should ambulate immediately. Extended hospital stays for the purpose of physical therapy should be avoided. These people should be returned as soon as possible to their previous environment where graduated mobilization should be encouraged.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The Jones fracture revisited.

Twenty-two patients with twenty-three fractures of the proximal part of the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal, an injury originally described by Jones, are reported. The average follow-up was 3.5 years. Delayed union occurred in twelve (66.7 per cent) of eighteen patients treated conservatively. Four patients were operated on within two weeks of injury. The clinical picture in nine of the twenty-two patients suggested that the injury was a stress fracture. Force-platform analysis in eleven cases confirmed that the injury results from vertical and mediolateral forces concentrated over the fifth metatarsal and that it is not caused by inversion. Thirteen of the twenty-three fractures were in young athletes, often occurring during training and causing significant disability. In this group of patients, and in a select number of recreational athletes and non-athletes with delayed union, intramedullary screw fixation of the fracture is advised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Occult infected fracture of the femur: report of two cases with long-term followup.

The unusual occurrence of secondary infection of a closed fracture in two patients is described. The various possible etiologies of this syndrome and alternatives for treatment are discussed. Recognition of this entity and initiation of early definitive care, usually including open packing of the fracture wound, are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posterior shoulder dislocation with ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture. A case report.

A 41-year-old man incurred the unusual combination of subacromial posterior dislocation of the shoulder and ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture. The importance of inspection of joints proximal to long bone fractures cannot be overemphasized. The transscapular view is easily adapted to the diagnosis of this injury. When recognized early, closed reduction is the preferred treatment; open reduction, as in the present case, is reserved for chronic dislocation.

Adult↗