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Biomedical subjects

J H Kirman

Publications and source records attributed to J H Kirman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Working with anger in groups: a modern analytic approach.

The development of Modern Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with schizophrenic and borderline patients is briefly traced, and the major themes of the treatment approach that derived from that early work are discussed with attention to their application in group therapy. These themes include the concepts of the narcissistic defense, narcissistic transference, joining or reinforcing defenses, emotional communication, and a shift away from the classical psychoanalytic emphasis on interpretation and insight to a strategy of helping the patient put all his or her thoughts and feelings into language in a constructive manner. These principles are discussed in connection with three kinds of problems involving anger in therapy groups: members' anger destructively turned against their own egos, anger expressed toward the leader within a negative transference, and anger destructively expressed toward others in the group. Lastly, consideration is given to the group leader's anger and its expression within the group. Some contrasts are made between the Modern Analytic approach and the classical Freudian position as well as Kohut's self psychology.

Anger↗
PubMed1986

Vibrotactile frequency recognition: forward and backward masking effects.

Forward and backward vibrotactile recognition masking was investigated in 4 subjects with 240-Hz and 160-Hz targets of 20 ms duration and four 200-Hz masks, using interstimulus intervals (ISIs) ranging from -500 to 500 ms. Two of the masks (short) were 20 ms and two (long) were 200 ms in duration. One of each set of masks was matched in subjective intensity to the targets, but the others were more intense. The range of ISIs over which masking was obtained was comparable to that found by Massaro (1970) with auditory stimuli. Both short masks produced more masking than either long mask except at short ISIs. Larger mask intensities increased masking only at very short ISIs, and longer mask durations increased backward but not forward masking.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1986

Vibrotactile frequency discrimination at short durations.

This experiment investigated how frequency discrimination of a sinusoidal, mechanical vibration applied to the tip of the right index finger is affected by shortening the duration of the stimuli from 200 ms to 30 ms. Using a standard stimulus of 100 Hz at 30 dB above threshold, seven comparison frequencies (at intervals of 10 Hz) were judged as higher or lower in frequency according to the method of constant differences. Vibrotactile stimuli were matched for subjective intensity across both frequency and duration. Difference limens for vibrotactile frequency were found to decline slightly from 200 ms to 50 ms (attributable to practice) and to increase noticeably at 30 ms. This result is discussed in relation to the seemingly contradictory results for auditory pitch discrimination.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new tactile illusion: temporal limits on the processing of spatiotemporal patterns.

A novel illusion was observed when 12 tactile point-stimulators arranged in a circle were sequentially activated so that each quadrant was first traced in a clockwise manner, then counterclockwise, and again in a clockwise manner, after which the next quadrant was similarly traced. Under certain temporal conditions this stimulus pattern was experienced as a point moving through an overall circular path but looping inwardly about once per quandrant. The effects of variations in rate of presentation of such stimuli were investigated by having subjects make drawings of their perceptual experiences. Three skin surfaces were used (palm, fingers, and forearm), and all produced similar results except for lower confidence and reliability of drawings made from forearm stimulation. Pattern presentation rate, however, had a consistent and powerful effect, with the looping illusion most frequently observed at rates around 25 pattern points per s and with different perceptual organizations dominating as rates departed widely from this optimum. The illusory perceptual organizations were interpreted as compromises between past and present stimulation necessitated by the relative slowness of tactile processing of spatiotemporal patterns.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Forward and backward tactile recognition masking.

Forward and backward tactile recognition masking were investigated with a 15 by 15 array of tactile point-stimulators with the use of targets consisting of line segments differing in location and orientation and a random-dot embedding mask. Ss were paid graduate student volunteers (three males and one female). Durations of targets and masks were varied, and interstimulus intervals ranged from zero to 300 msec. Increases in target duration over mask duration decreased forward, but not backward masking. Small increases in mask duration over target duration increased both forward and backward masking. Further large increases in mask duration increased backward masking, but had no effect on forward masking. The results were interpreted as indicating that forward masking is predominantly influenced by peripheral processes, while backward masking is the result of a combination of peripheral and central processes, in agreement with similar findings in audition and vision.

Discrimination Learning↗