Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J H Marcelis.
An automated turbidimeter for measuring bacterial growth in ordinary test tubes is described. The device records and prints adsorbance, expressed as Klett units, of 60 cultures every 15 min. Provision is made for either aerobic or anaerobic incubation. The device is adaptable to modification, depending upon local requirements and availability of computation facilities.
Longitudinal quantitative cultures of fecal flora of 20 newborns, 4 older babies and 10 healthy adults were carried out to study the composition and development of the intestinal flora. In all newborns the same sequence of colonization was observed. The numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria fluctuated and reached finally numbers of 10(10)/g wet weight. In adults the flora was in balance with 10(5)-10(7) aerobic and 10(10)-10(11) anaerobic bacteria/g wet weight. Interaction experiments in vitro showed growth inhibition of Bacteroides fragilis by all intestinal species isolated. Bifidobacteria were not inhibited. The assumption was made that this type of interaction could be one of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal micro-ecology. Three of the Bacteroides fragilis strains tested were able to grow on "natural intestinal substrates" as gastric mucin, glycogen and a variety of plant polysaccharides. Acetic, lactic, propionic and succinic acids were detected as fermentation products.
Formation of iodophilic polysaccharide (IPS) from glucose was demonstrated in 27 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Synthesis was dependent on the glucose concentration of the medium, the pH and the growth phase. When glucose was in short supply the cellular polysaccharide was degraded rapidly at pH 4.5 to 6.5 and fatty acids accumulated in the medium. Storage of IPS was not responsible for the low carbon recoveries observed in fermentation balance studies. In electron micrographs of thin sections, the IPS was observed as cytoplasmic granules dispersed throughout the whole cell. After extraction and purification the IPS was characterized as a glycogen.
The effect of iron deprivation on growth of 101 aerobic strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied on agar media in the presence of various concentrations of the synthetic iron chelator ethylene diamine diorthohydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA) and the iron binding protein transferrin. Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited by 15 mM EDDA and 1.5 mM transferrin. Staphylococcus aureus was only inhibited by 44 mM EDDA and not by transferrin. None of the strains of S. faecalis was inhibited. The majority of the enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp) was inhibited by 44 mM EDDA and 1.5 mM transferrin. The relation between susceptibility and concentration of EDDA and transferrin was expressed as S-value for each species. Iron supply with various iron compounds could restore the effects of inhibition. In all species except in S. faecalis iron chelator production could be demonstrated, using indicator plates of media containing EDDA and flooded with 10(4)--10(5) colony forming units of indicator organisms. The iron chelator of both S. epidermidis and S. aureus could stimulate growth of S. epidermidis, but not that of enterobacteriaceae. Iron chelators from all gram-negative bacteria were functionally interchangeable, but did not stimulate growth of gram-positive bacteria.
From 56 strains of strictly anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from stool and purulent lesions the fermentation products in the presence and absence of hemin were determined by quantitative gas-solid chromatography, using a simple and more rapid chromatographic procedure. With hemin the fermentation products were propionic, acetic, lactin and succinic acid. Without hemin no or little succinic acid was formed and the main products were lactic and acetic acid. In both groups the distribution of subspecies was determined and the production of fatty acids measured quantitatively. Fourteen strains of the lesion group showed a higher metabolic activity, resulting in an increased total acid production caused by an excessive production of acetic and lactic acid. This characteristic is probably a virulence factor in these strains. All strains were protoporphyrin- and oxgall-dependent. It is postulated that these substances are used for the production of cytochromes which permits the formation of succinic acid by a fumarate reductase resulting in an increased growth rate and growth yield.