Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J H Marshall.
Of 60 surgically removed multicystic, dysplastic kidneys examined for the presence of nodular renal blastema only 1 (2 per cent) had blastematous elements. Of the 60 patients 35 were from the authors' personal series and they were examined in clinical detail. The results of this study and those in the literature are discussed in relation to the over-all management of the asymptomatic multicystic, dysplastic kidney.
Glycerol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.156) was isolated from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, purified and characterized. It had an Mr of 57,000, and SDS-PAGE revealed two polypeptides, of Mr 25,000 and 30,000. Its coenzyme requirement was satisfied exclusively by NADP. The pH optimum for glycerol oxidation was 9.5, for dihydroxyacetone reduction 6.0. Rates of oxidation with some structurally related diols were three- to six-fold lower than for glycerol, while glyceraldehyde and other carbonyl compounds showed negligible rates of reduction. Neither monovalent nor divalent cations activated the enzyme. Apparent Km and Vmax values were determined. The enzyme is similar to glycerol dehydrogenases isolated from Mucor javanicus and from Dunaliella parva but differs considerably from the glycerol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase of S. pombe.
A patient had persistent pain in left wrist of 2 years' duration. Only intravenous digital subtraction angiography was specific in establishing a tumor in the left triquetrum as the cause. The tumor was an osteoblastoma.
One hundred and fourteen patients attending for barium meal examination were randomly allocated to receive Buscopan (hyoscine N-butylbromide, Boehringer Ingelheim; 20 mg) or glucagon (0.5 mg) as paralysing agents, or sterile water as control. The radiographs were analysed with regard to (a) gastric and duodenal distension and coating and (b) early or delayed filling of the duodenum with barium, in order to assess claims that paralysing agents influence radiographic quality. It was found that both duodenal distension and coating were better with Buscopan and glucagon than with water but there was no difference between Buscopan and glucagon in producing these effects. Relaxants produced no significant effect on distension or coating of the stomach. Glucagon prolonged the time of some examinations but gave better visualisation of the stomach, which was less frequently obscured by contrast in the duodenum.
During a study of the distribution of several NAD-linked dehydrogenase enzymes in various yeasts, in which polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by activity staining with phenazine methosulfate and a tetrazolium was used, a band was frequently detected, the production of which appeared to be independent of any added substrate (the "nothing dehydrogenase" effect). It has been shown that this effect is caused by alcohol dehydrogenase acting on traces of ethanol inadvertently introduced into the system. Two sources of ethanol were identified. They were (i) the enzyme extracts, which could be freed from ethanol by gel filtration, and (ii) the acrylamide used to prepare the gel, which could be freed from ethanol by recrystallization from ethanol-free chloroform. It is suggested that the use of commercial chloroform (stabilized with ethanol) as a recrystallizing solvent is the source of ethanol contamination in commercial preparations of acrylamide.
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A filter-rinse technique capable of detecting low levels of airborne hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was devised and evaluated. Laboratory tests showed the procedure to have an efficiency of 22% with a coefficient of variation of 11% and a capability of detecting as little as 5 x 10(-5) ml of aerosolized antigen positive serum in a single air sample. The technique was field-tested in a hemodialysis center serving a patient population with a high prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity. The antigen was not detected in any of 60 air samples collected under conditions favoring the occurrence of aerosols.
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A study was conducted in six pediatric wards to investigated factors that influence microbial contamination of mist therapy units. Most samples from nebulizer reservoirs were positive for gram-negative bacilli which multiplied rapidly in distilled water and reached levels as high as 3.0 X 10(8) viable microorganisms per ml. High prevalence rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliform bacteria as well as high levels of gram-negative bacilli were found to be associated with infrequent and inadequate cleaning and disinfection of the nebulizing equipment. In one of the wards exhibiting high rates, a move to new quarters permitted the implementation of improved cleaning and maintenance procedures for mist therapy units. The result was a significant reduction of microbial contamination. This study reemphasizes the role of microbiological surveillance in assuring proper care of nebulizing equipment in the hospital.
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