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Biomedical subjects

J H Mydlo

Publications and source records attributed to J H Mydlo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Immune function, mitogenicity, and angiogenic growth factor concentrations in lean and obese rodent sera: implications in obesity-related prostate tumor biology.

Some studies suggest that several tumors have a greater incidence in those patients with a high fat diet, such as colon, breast, and prostate. However, we wanted to determine the effects of obesity alone, independent of diet, on the progression of prostate tumor growth. Using a genetic model of obese and lean Zucker rats, we wanted to demonstrate any sera differences in the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), two important factors involved in the growth and progression of prostate cancer. We also wanted to investigate if there were any differences in immune function between the two sera, which could also account for uninhibited tumor growth, as well as differences in mitogenic stimulation. Female Zucker rat obese and lean sera were analyzed using ELISA assays for FGF-2, VEGF, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1a), as a measure of macrophage function. In addition, the sera of lean and obese sera were plated on wells growing LNCaP prostate cancer cells to determine differences in mitogenicity. We found a greater concentration of FGF-2 in the sera from obese Zucker rats compared to lean Zucker rats: 6.32+/-0.56 vs 3.48+/-0.34 pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05). We also demonstrated a greater concentration of VEGF in obese rat sera compared to lean sera: 54.4+/-4.1 vs 38.0+/-2.9 pg/mL, respectively, P<0.05). We detected a trend in mitogenic stimulation among LNCaP cells along the higher concentrations of the dose-response curve (0.72+/-0.06 vs 0.51+/-0.5). However, this was not statistically significant. In addition, we did not find a significant difference in MIP-1a macrophage activity levels between sera. To conclude, we speculate that the greater concentrations of VEGF and FGF-2 in the sera of obese rodents vs lean rodents may account for some of the differences seen in obesity-related tumor growth seen in the human condition. However, the lack of any sera differences of immune function, as measured by macrophage activity, as well as no significant differences on mitogenic proliferation on LNCaP prostate cancer cells, suggests that other mechanisms may exist to explain differences seen in obesity-related prostate tumor biology.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed2001

A review of urologic cancer patients with multiple primary malignancies.

Much has been written on the treatment of solitary or multiple metastatic nodules that sometimes present in patients with urological malignancies. However, relatively little has been published regarding those patients with urological cancer who have another concomitant primary non-urologic tumor. We describe several cases of patients who presented with a urologic malignancy and a secondary non-urologic tumor. We also reviewed the literature using MEDLINE to gather information concerning this rare occurrence. We found that secondary malignancies, although not very common, are being increasingly reported. They are usually detected during the preoperative work-up of the primary tumor, usually by CT scan, ultrasound, or chest X-ray. Most authors suggest that treatment should be directed at the more aggressive lesion first, which would improve the overall status of the patient, and thus allow a better response from therapy for the secondary lesion. While patients with multiple primary malignancies are rare, the urologist should be alerted to this possibility when evaluating the patient for the initially presenting or detected tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Patients with urologic cancer and other nonurologic malignancies: analysis of a sample and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with patients with urologic cancers who also have malignancies of nonurologic origin, before, after, or simultaneously, to review the literature, and to suggest treatment options. METHODS: We reviewed our institutions' tumor registry from 1995 to 2000 to discover how many patients had a urologic malignancy and another nonurologic cancer (antecedent, subsequent, or synchronous). We reviewed Medline from 1966 to 2000 and also questioned several urologists at major centers in the United States concerning this clinical dilemma. RESULTS: We encountered 18 patients during a 6-year period with a urologic cancer and another primary malignancy. Thirteen patients had their second cancer detected during the workup of their primary urologic tumor. Two patients developed a second tumor within 1 year of treatment of the primary urologic tumor. Another patient was referred with two primaries already diagnosed, and another had renal carcinoma detected during her colon cancer workup. We found that multiple tumors, although very rare, are usually detected during the preoperative workup of the primary tumor, usually by physical examination and improved radiologic imaging, or during the follow-up examinations. Most reports suggest that treatment should be performed simultaneously, especially if the lesions are relatively small and require a single incision, and the patient's medical condition allows longer anesthesia exposure. If these prerequisites are not met, most investigators agree that treatment should be directed at the more aggressive lesion first, which may improve the condition and/or survival, and thus, if a second operation is warranted, it will be possible. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with multiple malignancies are rare, the urologist and/or other specialist should be alerted to this possibility when evaluating patients for the initially presenting symptoms and/or detected tumor, as well as during the follow-up evaluations.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

A pilot study analyzing PSA, serum testosterone, lipid profile, body mass index and race in a small sample of patients with and without carcinoma of the prostate.

Androgens, diet, race and obesity are thought to play some roles in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. We wanted to evaluate if there were any inter-relationships between prostate specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, serum cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and race, in older patients with and without prostate cancer (CaP). We evaluated 308 patients referred to urologists in private practice offices and clinics with and without prostate cancer with regard to race, serum PSA, age, serum testosterone, full lipid profile, height and weight, and stage of cancer. We used multivariate analysis, Fisher's exact test and t-tests as well as logistic regression analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer software, and P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Significantly higher levels of serum testosterone were found in black men with CaP than black men without CaP (526+/-28 vs 404+/-19, respectively.) We also found significantly higher levels of serum testosterone in white men with CaP than white men without CaP (409+/-20 vs 302+/-14, respectively, P<0.05). HDL was higher in black men than white men, and triglycerides were higher in white men than black men. Cholesterol was similar across all groups, but BMI was highest in white men with CaP. We also found a significant association between BMI and pathological stage of prostate cancer patients among both black and white men (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that black men who developed CaP had higher serum testosterone levels, on average, than white men who developed CaP. Furthermore, BMI was highest in white men developing CaP compared to black men, but we found a significant association between pathological stage and BMI in both black and white patients. Although it is controversial whether obesity is considered to be a risk factor for prostate cancer, this small pilot study suggests that BMI may play a role in the progression of the disease once it is established.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2001) 4, 101-105

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Radiologic, pathologic and molecular attributes of two types of papillary renal adenocarcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: Most papillary renal tumors are not as aggressive as clear cell carcinomas and thus carry a better prognosis. However, several reports in the literature have demonstrated a subset of patients with papillary tumors that have a more aggressive biology and advanced stage at presentation. We compared several parameters of these subsets of renal tumors in an effort to characterize these lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 391 cases of nephrectomies that were performed for cancer over a 20-year period from four institutions. Of these, 41 were documented as papillary adenocarcinomas. We reviewed these cases with respect to stage at presentation, size, vascularity on (computerized tomography) CT scan, histology, and cytokeratin immunohistology. RESULTS: Thirty-two of the lesions presented in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth decades of life (Type I), while most of the remaining 9 tumors (Type II) presented in the fourth decade of life, and in more advanced stages. Tumor volumes ranged from 84 cm3 to 1660 cm3. Type I tumors had an average size of 515 cm3 and an enhancement on CT of 36 +/- 4 Hounsfield units, compared with Type II tumors which had an average size of 164 cm3 and an enhancement on CT of 92 +/- 8 Hounsfield units. Type II tumors also had a higher mean Fuhrman score of nuclear pleomorphism than Type I, and a greater expression of cytokeratin. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the more common Type I variant of papillary renal adenocarcinoma was less vascular on CT scan, larger in size, and had a lower amount of nuclear pleomorphism as well as decreased expression of cytokeratin 7. The more aggressive biological variant, Type II, presented in the earlier decades of life, with a smaller, but more vascular, cancer and had a greater nuclear pleomorphism. Nuclear pleomorphism still appears to have the best prognostic assessment. However, other molecular and genetic parameters of these tumors, as well as long-term survival data will be necessary to determine the significance of these findings.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed2001

Nonoperative treatment of patients with presumed penile fracture.

PURPOSE: Immediate surgical intervention is the basis for treatment of penile fractures due to the high risk of complications associated with conservative management. Unfortunately, patient refusal to undergo surgery has led to conservative treatment of a small group of patients with presumed penile fractures at our institution. We followed these patients in regard to clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 1999, 5 patients were evaluated after blunt trauma to an erect penis. Patient age at presentation ranged from 19 to 31 years (mean 25). The interval from time of injury to presentation was 24 to 72 hours. Of these patients 4 had been injured during sexual intercourse, while 1 had been injured during masturbation. All 5 patients refused immediate surgical exploration for presumed penile fracture. RESULTS: No patient had any immediate complications. At 6 and 12-month followup all patients reported erections adequate for intercourse without associated pain. One patient reported only mild curvature for which he did not seek treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We report on a subset of young males with presumed penile fracture who refused diagnostic evaluation and therapy, and were able to maintain normal erectile and voiding function. However, longer followup and radiographic evidence will be necessary to corroborate or refute these initial observations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The applicability of using straight ureteral stents for the treatment of ureteral stones in presumably non-compliant patients.

There have been many reports describing the complications of retained ureteral stents following stone treatment. We wanted to evaluate the practicality of definitive treatment of poorly compliant patients who present with ureteral stones using a straight stent connected to a urethral catheter alone and compared these to patients treated with double-J stents alone. We treated 23 patients (12 in group I and 11 patients in group II) who had a ureteral stone of 6 mm or less, with an indwelling straight stent and a double-J stent, respectively, while on oral antibiotics. We followed these patients 1 week later with an abdominal X-ray prior to removing the stent. Eleven patients in group I and 9 patients in group II passed their stones spontaneously. Three patients required surgical intervention with a ureterscope and laser lithotripsy. There were no cases of infection or pyelonephritis. Although each of the straight-stent-treated patients returned to our clinic for follow-up, only 5 of the 11 double-J stent patients returned for follow-up. The remaining 6 patients had to be contacted to remind them that they still had an internal stent. Although technologic advances now allow many urologists to definitively treat ureteral stones, some urologists may lack the proper equipment and/or assistance to treat the stone at the time of presentation, or may deal with non-compliant patients. Therefore, in these certain circumstances, treatment of small ureteral stones in non-compliant patients using a straight stent connected to a leg bag, as either definitive or initial treatment, may be of practical use and avoid the risk of retained double-J ureteral stents.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2001

Surgeon experience with penile fracture.

PURPOSE: The experience of a single surgeon with a series of 34 penile fractures, including 29 corrected surgically and 5 managed conservatively, at 3 large inner city medical centers in an 11-year period is presented. Standard diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are described that have evolved with time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, 34 patients 18 to 38 years old (mean age 27 at presentation) were evaluated after blunt trauma to the erect penis. The interval from injury to presentation was between 6 and 72 hours. Of these patients 32 and 2 had been injured during sexual intercourse and masturbation, respectively. Surgery in 29 cases involved a degloving incision, and intraoperative evaluation of the corpora and urethra by radiography or saline injection. Five patients were treated conservatively for presumed penile fracture after they refused diagnostic confirmation and/or surgery. RESULTS: Injury involved unilateral and bilateral corporeal rupture in 25 and 3 cases, respectively, and urethral injury in 5. Urinalysis in 6 patients demonstrated microscopic hematuria with 5 to 10 red blood cells, although there were several false-negative urethrograms and cavernosograms. At followup 33 of the 34 patients available reported erection adequate for intercourse without erectile or voiding dysfunction, while 2 reported mild to moderate curvature. CONCLUSIONS: A degloving procedure with a urethral catheter in place provides the best exposure and orientation. In addition, saline injection may demonstrate additional corporeal body and/or urethral pathology as well as assess the integrity of repair. Although surgical repair was not associated with serious sequelae, a small subgroup of patients with presumed penile fracture also had no sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Results from different patient populations using combined therapy with alprostadil and sildenafil: predictors of satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of combined therapy (using intraurethral alprostadil and oral sildenafil) in private and clinic patients with erectile dysfunction, and thus assess predictors of satisfaction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 360 men were treated for erectile dysfunction using single and/or combined therapy, comprising 214 private-practice and 166 clinic patients. Responses were evaluated using the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire before and after treatment. Serum testosterone levels, education and socio-economic status were also assessed. Group 1a consisted of 33 private patients and Group 1b of 24 clinic patients who tried the maximum dose of intraurethral alprostadil monotherapy initially, followed by the maximum dose of sildenafil monotherapy, and remained dissatisfied. Group 2a consisted of 32 private patients and group 2b of 31 clinic patients who tried the maximum dose of sildenafil monotherapy initially, followed by the maximum dose of alprostadil monotherapy, and were also dissatisfied. These two groups of 65 private and 55 clinic patients then underwent combined therapy. RESULTS: The mean (SD) score for erectile function was 24.1 (2) for combined therapy (a 123% improvement), and 19.8 (1. 8) (83% improvement) and 15.2 (1.6) (41% improvement) for sildenafil and alprostadil monotherapies (P < 0.05 for both patient groups). The men also reported an improvement in their satisfaction with intercourse. However, at 18 months, 60 of the 65 private patients but only 40 of the 55 clinic patients continued with combined therapy; thus, the discontinuation rate was three times greater among clinic than among private patients. Furthermore, the private patients had an overall improvement in the satisfaction score of 128%, compared with 51% for the clinic patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were no significant differences in erectile function improvement within the two satisfied combined therapy groups, the differences in overall satisfaction and long-term withdrawal rates suggests that other factors beside motivation must be involved for success, e.g. education, persistence, realistic expectations, and certain psychological factors. Combined therapy should be considered for those patients who have a suboptimal response to monotherapy and refuse or are not candidates for surgical options. Generally, those patients with a higher education, greater persistence and more realistic expectations were more satisfied with combined therapy.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed2000

Initial results utilizing combination therapy for patients with a suboptimal response to either alprostadil or sildenafil monotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Intraurethral alprostadil and oral sildenafil are useful in selected patients. However, there continues to be a significant treatment failure rate. Since their mechanisms of action are different, we wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 214 patients treated for erectile dysfunction (ED), 65 were not fully satisfied with the firmness of their erections via monotherapy. Responses were evaluated using the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire before and after treatment. Group I consisted of 33 patients who tried maximal dose intraurethral alprostadil monotherapy initially, followed by the maximal dose of sildenafil monotherapy, and were still unsatisfied. Group II consisted of 32 patients who tried the maximal dose sildenafil monotherapy initially, followed by the maximal dose of alprostadil monotherapy, and were also unsatisfied. There 65 patients then underwent combination therapy. RESULTS: 60 out of the 65 patients stated they were satisfied with combination therapy. Questionnaire scores for erectile function were 23.1+/-2.0 (114%) for combination therapy vs. 19.2+/-1.8 (77%) and 15.2+/-1.6 (41%) for sildenafil and alprostadil monotherapies (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in responses between the two groups. The men also reported improvement in intercourse and overall satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy may be an option for motivated patients who have a suboptimal response from monotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of a delayed zipper injury.

Penile zipper injuries have been reported occurring usually in the pediatric population, and occasionally in adults. Usually, the zipper can be dislodged with mineral oil or by breaking the median bar. When these attempts fail, a small elliptical incision may be used to remove the zipper and any devitalized tissue.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Is there a difference in outcome when treating traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture with or without a suprapubic tube?

PURPOSE: Primary bladder repair with a suprapubic tube is considered to be effective for managing intraperitoneal bladder injury. We compared the outcomes of suprapubic tube placement and no suprapubic tube for this injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 31 men and 3 women with a mean age of 28.5 years who required emergency operative repair without a cystogram of traumatic bladder injury from 1992 to 1997. Patient characteristics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, and short and long-term complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Penetrating and blunt trauma occurred in 28 (82%) and 5 (15%) patients, respectively, while 1 had spontaneous bladder rupture. After primary bladder repair the bladder was drained with a suprapubic tube in 18 cases (53%) and a urethral catheter only in 16 (47%). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to mechanism of injury, patient age, location of injury in the bladder, coexisting medical illnesses, stability in the field or emergency room, or the bladder repair technique. The 18 patients treated with a suprapubic tube had an associated injury that resulted in 2 deaths, while 13 of the 16 treated with urethral catheter drainage only had an associated injury and 1 died. Urological and nonurological complications in the suprapubic tube versus urethral catheter only group developed in 28 and 33 versus 19 and 19% of the cases, respectively (p <0.05). Followup ranged from 1 month to 4 years. No significant long-term morbidity was noted in either group. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that intraperitoneal bladder injuries may be equally well managed by primary bladder repair and urethral catheter drainage only versus suprapubic tube drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Long-term consequences from bladder perforation and/or violation in the presence of transitional cell carcinoma: results of a small series and a review of the literature.

PURPOSE: Perforation of the bladder during transurethral resection is a worrisome complication for most urologists. Little is known about the consequences of seeding of tumor cells into the peritoneum or retroperitoneum. We reviewed several hospital patient databases as well as the literature to determine the outcome of such situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a local multi-institutional case and MEDLINE review using key words, such as bladder neoplasm, neoplasm seeding, perforation, rupture, transurethral resection, peritonitis and tumor. We also contacted several urologists and oncologists at major cancer centers in the United States and Europe regarding the incidence and followup of perforated/violated bladder cancer cases. RESULTS: There were 16 bladder violations in the presence of transitional cell carcinoma, including 2 partial cystectomies that had negative margins and no subsequent metastatic recurrences, a bladder tumor that was detected during suprapubic prostatectomy and perforations during transurethral resection (extraperitoneal in 4 cases and intraperitoneal in 9). Two patients died of sepsis and existing metastatic disease, respectively. The only recurrence among the remaining 11 patients developed after intraperitoneal bladder perforation during transurethral resection for Ta grade 2 tumor. Several anecdotal reports discussed local and distal tumor recurrences, suggesting that even superficial transitional cell carcinoma can behave aggressively if grown in an environment outside the bladder. However, these reports are rare. Any benefit of prophylactic chemotherapy was not proved. CONCLUSIONS: While perforation of the bladder during transurethral resection for cancer and the possibility of tumor implantation are matters of concern, our review demonstrates that few patients return with an extravesical tumor recurrence either locally or distally compared to those with a nonruptured bladder after resection. Although our patient sample is small and there are a limited number of reports in the literature, the risk of recurrence still exists and the urologist should be aware of its possibility. Since recurrences are usually rapid, they may easily manifest to the urologist at followup. However, one should also consider chest x-rays and/or computerized tomography to rule out recurrences that are not clinically obvious.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1998

Preliminary results comparing the recovery of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in adipose tissue and benign and malignant renal tissue.

PURPOSE: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) is mitogenic to numerous epithelial, mesodermal and endothelial cells, and thus may play a role in the neovascularity and progression of several tumors. Furthermore, FGF-2 is reported to be elevated in the serum and urine of patients with various cancers, including renal cancer. Obesity, with increased body fat, is a risk factor for renal cancer through unknown mechanisms. Since adipose tissue is a source of FGF-2, we determined the quantity and quality of activity of FGF-2 in omental adipose tissue and compared it to normal and cancerous renal tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using heparin-Sepharose chromatography we extracted proteins from human omental adipose tissue, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and benign renal tissue (BRT). Using FGF-2 antisera we performed western blot analysis to confirm their homology to FGF-2. We also assessed recovery, mitogenicity and angiogenicity of each of the proteins using thymidine incorporation into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. RESULTS: Each of the three purified mitogenic proteins eluted with NaCl concentrations between 1.4 M. and 1.8 M., similar to control FGF-2. There was greater recovery of FGF-2 from omental adipose tissue compared with renal cell carcinoma or benign renal tissue (42 microg. vs. 24 microg. and 18 microg., respectively; ANOVA p <0.05). Moreover, FGF-2 from adipose tissue had greater mitogenic activity (96.% versus 68% and 38%; p <0.05) and greater angiogenic activity (5.5 vessels versus 2.7 and 1.6 vessels; p <0.05) on the CAM assay. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that human omental adipose tissue FGF-2 may demonstrate greater mitogenic and angiogenic activity than either benign or cancerous renal tissue FGF-2. It is not known if FGF-2 from adipose tissue may play a role in the relationship between obesity and renal cancer.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Urethrography and cavernosography imaging in a small series of penile fractures: a comparison with surgical findings.

OBJECTIVES: To compare our results of preoperative corporal cavernosography and retrograde urethrography in penile fractures with the clinical and intraoperative findings. METHODS: From January to October 1996, 7 cases of penile fracture were diagnosed at our inner city trauma center. All cases were associated with sexual activity and patients underwent preoperative retrograde urethrography and corpus cavernosography with immediate surgical intervention. RESULTS: We found that 2 patients who presented with blood at the meatus had intact urethras, whereas 2 of the 3 patients who had urethral lacerations did not have a bloody meatus. In 2 cases the urethrogram and cavernosogram revealed lacerations that were not initially detected surgically. However, in another 2 cases, the urethrogram and cavernosogram were falsely negative. Two of the seven corporal fractures were bilateral and five were unilateral. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this small sample, it appears that preoperative cavernosography and retrograde urethrography may show additional sites of tears in the corpora and urethra because hematoma formation may mask some ruptures. However, the presence or absence of a bloody meatus may not necessarily correlate with the status of the urethra, and the urologist also should be wary of a false-negative imaging study. We suggest that all cases of penile fracture be explored surgically, but preferably by a subcoronal degloving incision that allows careful examination of the urethra and corpora. Results of a larger series may determine if the routine use of these imaging modalities is justified intraoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An analysis of microvessel density, androgen receptor, p53 and HER-2/neu expression and Gleason score in prostate cancer . preliminary results and therapeutic implications.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate relationships between microvessel density (MVD), androgen receptors (AR), mutant p53 and HER-2/neu expression and Gleason score (GS) to further understand the tumor biology of prostate cancer (CAP). METHODS: Slides of CAP from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or channel transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were tested for androgen receptors by immunocytochemical assay and MVD was analyzed by staining with antibodies to the endothelial cell membrane molecule PECAM-1/CD-31. The p53 monoclonal antibody D07 and HER-2 9G6 mouse monoclonal antibody were used to assess p53 and HER-2/neu expression, respectively. The results were correlated with GS and clinical stage by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We found a fourfold greater expression of MVD in prostate cancer specimens compared to neighboring normal prostate tissue. We observed a greater concentration of MVD in the higher Gleason scores (r = 0.40, p = 0. 06), and a correlation of Gleason score with mutant p53 expression (r = 0.57, p <0.05). We did not observe any associations between AR or HER-2/neu to Gleason score. More than half of the patients with specimens with 50% or greater expression of mutant p53 were in stage D2 (T4NxM1b) at the time of biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a correlation between mutant p53 and GS, and a greater concentration of MVD in the higher GS. Since the neovascularity of prostate tumors can be attenuated by radiation and hormones, while mutant p53 may confer resistance to such treatment, it appears that p53 expression may also play an important role in addition to angiogenesis in the virulence of prostate cancer. These data may aid in allocating patients to different treatment modalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Differences in prostate and adipose tissue basic fibroblast growth factor: analysis of preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) is mitogenic to human prostate epithelial and stromal cells, and it is reported to be elevated in the serum and urine of patients with various cancers, including prostate cancer. Obesity, with increased body fat, is a risk factor for prostate cancer through unknown mechanisms. Because adipose tissue is a source of FGF-2, we determined the quantity and quality of activity of FGF-2 in omental adipose tissue and compared it with normal and cancerous prostate tissues. METHODS: Using heparin-Sepharose chromatography, we extracted proteins from human omental adipose tissue, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and benign prostatic hypertrophic (BPH) tissues. Each of the mitogenic proteins eluted with NaCl concentrations between 1.4 M and 1.8 M, similar to control FGF-2. Using FGF-2 antisera (which inhibited the mitogenic activity of the proteins), we performed Western blot analysis to confirm their homology to FGF-2. We also assessed recovery, mitogenicity, and angiogenicity of each of the proteins using thymidine incorporation into human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the chorioallantoic membrane assay. RESULTS: There was greater recovery of FGF-2 from omental adipose tissue compared with cancerous or BPH homogenates (40 micrograms [2.0 micrograms/g] versus 25 micrograms [1.25 micrograms/g] and 20 micrograms [1.0 microgram/g], respectively). Moreover. FGF-2 from adipose tissue had greater mitogenic activity (96.2% versus 74.8% and 54%; P < 0.05) and a greater angiogenic activity (5.1 vessels versus 2.9 and 1.8 vessels; P < 0.05) on the chorioallantoic assay. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that human omental adipose tissue FGF-2 may demonstrate greater mitogenic and angiogenic activity than either BPH or prostate cancer tissue FGF-2. It is not known whether FGF-2 from adipose tissue qualitatively or quantitatively may underlie the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer.

Adipose Tissue↗