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Biomedical subjects

J H Ploussard

Publications and source records attributed to J H Ploussard.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Bacterial etiology of otitis media during the first six weeks of life.

Tympanocentesis was performed on 70 infants who had otitis media during the first six weeks of life. The bacteria isolated from their middle-ear effusions were Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 patients), Neisseria catarrhalis (11 patients), Hemophilus influenzae (ten patients), Enterobacteriaceae (four patients), Staphylococcus aureus (four patients), streptococci (groups A and B) (three patients), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two patients). Thirty patients (42.9%) had middle-ear effusions which did not contain pathogenic bacteria. Twenty-seven infants were followed for at least 12 months and 12 (44.4%) of these infants had six or more episodes of otitis media during the observation period. Further studies will be needed to establish the significance of middle-ear disease at this age and the role of therapy in improving its outcome.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

Immune response to acute otitis media in children III. Implications of viral antibody in middle ear fluid.

With the technique of radioimmunodiffusion and indirect FA staining, IgA antibody to measles, mumps, rubella, and polio-1 were determined in serum and middle ear fluid (MEF) of 103 patients with otitis media. The occurrence of IgA viral antibody in MEF and its absence in simultaneously drawn serum was used as an indicator of local antibody production. Of the 401 assays performed, 41 instances of IgA antibody exclusively in MEF were found. Only four of these occurred in specimens from unimmunized patients and were directed against rubella virus. Of the 37 remaining cases, 16 each were directed against measles and polio-1 and four and one, respectively, for mumps and rubella viruses. The mean specific IgA titers were from 8- to 17-fold higher in MEF from immunized individuals than in the unimmunized and persisted for at least 9 to 19 months after immunization. The data thus indicate 1) specific immunologic sensitization of the middle ear mucosa can be achieved by parenteral as well as oral routes of immunization, and 2) specific immunologic memory exists in the middle ear mucosa. These two factors are crucial to feasibility of immunization against acute otitis media.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

The bacteriology of pneumococcal otitis media.

The bacteriologic findings of 1205 episodes of pneumococcal otitis media are analyzed. Capsular types 6, 14, 19 and 23 have been found to account for more than half the initial and subsequent infections of the middle ear. Initial infection has been shown to be related to age, and recurrent infection with pneumococci of heterologous capsular types has been found to occur most often within six months of the initial attack. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the pneumococcal types most frequently causing otitis media may occur without causing infection, may antedate infection by as long as 13 months and may persist after infection for as long as 30 months. Recurrence of infection with a given capsular type has been identified following intervening infection with one or more heterologous capsular types. Simultaneous infection of the middle ear with two pneumococcal capsular types has been observed in 1% of the infections studied. The potential, but as yet unestablished, value of prophylactic vaccination against pneumococcal otitis media is considered.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1975

The "otitis-prone" condition.

We studied the incidence of exudative otitis media in 488 patients followed up from birth. Forty-nine percent (240) of the patients had their initial episode of otitis media in the first year of life and only 12% (56) in the second year of life. Thereafter, the incidence decreased steadily. Patients having six or more episodes of otitis media before age 6 were termed "otitis prone". Fifty-seven such patients were observed and this condition was found to be significantly related to the onset of otitis media in the first year of life and to the pneumococcal cause of the initial episode.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The immune response to acute otitis media in children. II. Serum and middle ear fluid antibody in otitis media due to Haemophilus influenza.

The antibody response in serum and middle ear fluid was studied in 40 children less than two years of age who had otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae. Specific antibody in serum was determined by either a bacteriocidal test or an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and in the middle ear fluid by the latter test. For both assays the infecting bacterium of the patient was used. Half of the acute sera and three-fourths of the convalescent sera had antibody of at least one of the IgG, IgM, or IgA classes; IgG occurred most often. Fourteen patients had significant increases in specific antibody in the convalescent serum. Middle ear fluids from 22 to 29 patients had specific antibody. IgG and IgA antibodies occurred with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was found more often in middle ear fluids when IgA antibody was absent from serum. Thus it appears that infants with otitis media respond systemically and locally with specific antibody to H. influenzae.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunology and microbiology in acute otitis media.

Various immunological parameters were measured in serum, middle ear fluid (MEF), and lymphocytes from peripheral blood and MEF of infants with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Approximately half of 131 patients had IgE specific antibody to the infecting bacterium as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. Seventy-one percent of these IgE positive patients had IgE specific antibody in the MEF. Total IgE concentration was found to be from an average of 1.5 to 3.0 times higher in the MEF when compared to the simultaneously drawn serum. In addition, antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and to pneumococcal C-carbohydrate was demonstrated in the MEF by radioimmunoassay. When MEF specific antibody was compared to serum antibody it appeared that antibody to C-carbohydrate was more concentrated in the MEF. That this antibody was of the IgE class was suggested by IFA but not conclusively proven. Evidence exists that conditions for enhanced IgE synthesis is concomitantly associated with a decrease in T-cell activity. T-cell function in MEF derived lymphocytes as determined by rosette formation and by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was approximately one-tenth that of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, that T-cells may participate in the immune response to polysaccharides was suggested by the observation that polysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from infants immunized with octavalent pneumococcal capsular vaccine underwent protein synthesis two to three times that of the PHA stimulated cells. The clinical significance of this finding as well as the nature of the cell responsible for the increased protein synthesis remains to be established. It is hypothesized that acute otitis media results from local synthesis of bacteria specific IgE antibody which is enhanced by a paucity of local T-cell activity.

Acute Disease↗