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Biomedical subjects

J H Shi

Publications and source records attributed to J H Shi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A novel mitochondrial DNA missense mutation at G3421A in a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness.

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in mtDNA are thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of maternally inherited diabetes. Here, we report a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness whose members did not harbour the mtDNA A3243G mutation, the most frequent point mutation in mitochondrial diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate a possible other mtDNA mutation and its prevalence in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Height, body weight, waistline, and hip circumference were measured and serum biochemical marks determined in all members of the family. In addition, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and electric listening test were conducted in these members. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral leukocytes. Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to detect the mtDNA mutation in this family. The prevalence of mtDNA G3421A nucleotide substitutions was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 1350 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients recruited by random cluster sampling from the central city area of Shanghai, China. RESULTS: (1) A new missense homoplasmic mutation of mtDNA G3421A was found in a maternally inherited diabetic family and existed neither in 1350 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients nor in 50 non-diabetic individuals. (2) The mode of mutation and diabetes transmission was typical maternal inheritance in this family. (3) All diabetic family members were found to have an onset at 35-42 years of age, accompanied by deafness of varying degrees. CONCLUSION: mtDNA G3421A (Val39Ile) found in a family with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness is a novel missense mutation. Whether this is a diabetogenic mutation and its effect on mitochondrial function needs to be further studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Microbial degradation of estrogens using activated sludge and night soil-composting microorganisms.

In order to investigate the potential for microbial degradation of estrogens, and the products formed, activated sludge collected from Korea (ASK) and night soil-composting microorganisms (NSCM) were used to degrade estrogens. Results showed that both ASK and NSCM degraded almost 100% of the natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) from initial concentrations of 20-25 mg/L, while synthetic estrogen, ethynylestradiol (EE2), was not degraded. Analysis of degradation products of E2 by using HPLC-ECD and a consecutive first-order reaction calculation confirmed that E2 was sequentially degraded to E1, which was further degraded to other unknown compounds by ASK and NSCM. We then used the yeast two-hybrid assay to show that the unknown degradation products did not appear to possess estrogenic activity when E1, E2 or E3 were degraded to below the detection limit after 14 days of incubation, indicating that ASK and NSCM not only degrade natural estrogens, but also remove their estrogenic activities.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

Isolation and characterization of the ethynylestradiol-biodegrading microorganism Fusarium proliferatum strain HNS-1.

We cultivated hundreds of sediment, soil, and manure samples taken from rivers and farms in a medium containing ethynylestradiol (EE2) as the sole source of carbon, so that microorganisms in the samples would acclimatize to the presence of EE2. Finally, we isolated an EE2-degrading microorganism, designated as strain HNS-1, from a cowshed sample. Based on its partial nucleotide sequence (563 bp) of the 28S rRNA gene, strain HNS-1 was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. Over 15 days, F. proliferatum strain HNS-1 removed 97% of EE2 at an initial concentration of 25 mg.L-1, with a first-order rate constant of 0.6 d-1. Unknown products of EE2 degradation, which may be more polar compounds that have a phenolic group, remained in the culture medium.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

[Detection of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in well-drilling workers].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the value of using distortion product of otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) in monitoring noise-induced hearing-loss. METHOD: The amplitude and the positive rates of DPOAE were detected in 102 well-drilling workers (195 ears). RESULT: The amplitude and the positive rates of DPOAE declined significantly in noise groups against control. With the increase of working-age the positive rates of DPOAE was decrease. The DPOAE amplitudes and the positive rates of noise group with normal pure tone threshold were obvious lower than that in controls. There were negative relationship between pure tone threshold in high-frequency and the positive rates. CONCLUSION: The DPOAE can reflect the cochlea's function of labors working in noise condition well. Contrast with the pure tone audiometry, DPOAE was more sensitive and more objective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical study on action of artificial respiration produced by pressing in massage under anesthesia for lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse].

OBJECTIVE: To observe whether the gas exchange is sufficient for the requirement of body when the patient was prone in position and pressed in the course of massage under intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentothal (SP) for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse. METHODS: The oxygen would not be given to the patients whose heart and lung functions were good during the course of anesthesia and massage, respiratory function and blood gas analysis were studied on 20 patients selected randomly. RESULTS: Tidal volume was smaller and respiratory rate was faster than normal respiration. Saturation pulse oxygen was still normal in all patients. There were no significant changes in blood gas analysis before spinal injection and after massage (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The pressing could attain the action of artificial respiration. The respiration pattern was similar to high frequency positive pressure ventilation. The action of vibration and diffusion had normal respiratory effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Protective effect of 1,6-diphosphate fructose in ischemic renal failure in elderly rats].

To study the protective effect of 1,6-diphosphate fructose (FDP) on acute ischemia damage in brain, heart and liver, we observed its effect on acute ischemic renal failure (AIRF). AIRF in male Wistar rats was produced by renal arterial clamping for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 90 minutes. The rats were divided into 4 groups according to their age and FDP therapy: G1: young (3-4 months) AIRF rats without FDP; G2: old (26-27 months) AIRF rats without FDP; G3: young AIRF rats with FDP (0.5g/kg) i.v. infusion; G4: old AIRF rats with FDP. Inulin clearance (CIn), PAH clearance (CPAH), urinary sodium (UNA) were examined before ischemia and 30, 60 and 90 minutes after reperfusion. After reperfusion for 90 minutes, renal cortex was taken for the examination of renal mitochondrial ATP synthetic content (miATPs). CIn and CPAH were lower in G2 than in G1 (0.24 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.75 +/- 0.79, P < 0.01; 0.87 +/- 0.42 vs 7.12 +/- 4.04, P < 0.05, at 90 minutes reperfusion). CIn and CPAH in G1 showed an auto-recovery up to 40.1% and 33.7% of the level in contrast to G2. In G3 and G4 original FDP infusion resulted in a significant increase in miATPs and CIn (609 +/- 145 vs 389 +/- 97; 569 +/- 77 vs 338 +/- 61, P < 0.02; 2.47 +/- 0.58 vs 1.75 +/- 0.79, 1.29 +/- 0.42 vs 0.24 +/- 0.12, P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking among junior high school students in Beijing, China, 1988.

Prevalence, behavioural patterns and risk factors of cigarette smoking were studied in a sample of 8437 junior high school students in Beijing in 1988. Smoking at least occasionally was reported by 34.4% of boys and 3.9% of girls, though the intensity tended to be low. Smoking prevalence increased with age among boys. Inhaling smoke into the lungs was practised by 68.2% of the boys who smoked and 37.3% of the girls. 'Believing that one looks elegant when smoking', 'trying to be fashionable' and 'seeking stimulation' were the most important reasons for smoking. Of the boys 83.5% and of the girls 86.5% usually smoked with friends or schoolmates. Many more boys (19.2%) than girls (1.7%) smoked at home. Examinations of risk factors for teenage smoking showed that it was associated with a combination of familial, psychological and socio-school factors, with peer group pressure being the most important one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nonlinear system identification for cascaded block model: an application to electrode polarization impedance.

A new algorithm has been developed to identify a system divided into cascaded blocks of dynamic linear (L), static nonlinear (N), and dynamic linear (L) subsystems based strictly on the input-output relationship. The nonlinear element is assumed to be equicontinuous, or must be satisfied by the Weierstrass criterion. Therefore, it could either be continuous type as represented by polynomial approximation or abrupt type as represented by piecewise-linear segments. The process uses a series of multilevel input to decouple the two linear subsystems from the nonlinear subsystem and then applies the predictor-corrector algorithm to minimize a cost function to obtain the parameter of the subsystem. The method does not restrict the type of input signal and no prior knowledge of the subsystems is necessary. Numerical example for a prescribed system is given and the results show almost identical values by any one of the three types of input, namely: step, sinusoidal, or white noise. Three computer programs have been developed for the identification of the system with odd, even, and piecewise abrupt types of nonlinearity. The method is applied to model the interfacial phenomenon of noble metal electrode (Pt) at the nonlinear range and the algorithm is verified by comparison with the result developed previously.

Algorithms↗