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Biomedical subjects

J H Vos

Publications and source records attributed to J H Vos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparison of clinical and pathological diagnoses in dogs.

Clinical and pathological diagnoses were compared in a prospective study of 145 dogs. A diagnostic work up had been performed on all dogs of which 36 (24.8%) died and 109 (75.2%) were euthanatized. In 119 dogs (82.1%) both a clinical and patholical diagnosis was made, in 20 dogs (13.8%) no pathological diagnosis could be made and in 6 dogs (4.1%) no clinical diagnosis was established. In the 119 dogs the agreement level between clinical and pathological diagnosis was scored by the referring veterinarian together with a pathologist. Total agreement was found in 61 cases (51.3%) and disagreement in 31 cases (26.0%). In the remaining cases (27=22.7%) the pathological diagnosis further specified the clinical diagnosis. Consecutive submission appeared difficult to achieve by the participating veterinarians. However, no major differences in agreement level was present between the veterinarian which succeeded in almost consecutive submissions and the other veterinarians. At necropsy 42 cases were diagnosed as neoplasia, of which 52.4% had been diagnosed clinically. As to infectious diseases 55.0% of these diseases diagnosed at necropsy had been diagnosed clinically. In about 20% of the cases the differences were of clinical significance according to the referring veterinarians. In addition, it was indicated by the clinicians that about 50% of the necropsies revealed findings which could amend future patient care. The results of the study stress the relevance of postmortem examination as crucial part of continuing education and of quality monitoring and assurance in veterinary medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Ability of veterinary pathologists to diagnose classical swine fever from clinical signs and gross pathological findings.

Clinical signs recorded in a classical swine fever (CSF)-suspect situation and the results of the subsequent post-mortem examination (PME) from swine submitted to post-mortem during the 1997-1998 CSF epidemic in the Netherlands, were presented in an experiment as anonymous cases (without knowledge of the actual infection status of the submission) to five veterinary pathologists for their judgment: CSF-suspect or non-suspect. It was presented to them in two hypothetical situations: country was free of CSF for 5 years and CSF was detected in the country 2 weeks ago. Subsequently, their judgment was compared to the gold standard (infection status of the submission on the basis of an immunofluoresence assay on tissue samples) and the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of clinical diagnosis was estimated. Furthermore, intra- and inter-pathologist agreement on pathological diagnosis was measured. Adding information on clinical signs to information on PME resulted in a significant increase in median Se and a significant decrease in median Sp for a clinical judgment by pathologists. Also, median Se was significantly higher-and Sp significantly lower-for a clinical judgment by pathologists in a situation in which CSF was detected 2 weeks ago in the country compared to the situation in which the country had been free of CSF for 5 years. Apparently, the internal threshold of pathologists is severely adjusted depending on the actual disease situation in a country. Intra-rater agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect for a clinical diagnosis on the basis of PME. There was considerable variation between pathologists, especially if clinical diagnosis was based on the combined information on PME and clinical signs observed in the herd. Inter-rater agreement was substantial for the diagnosis based on information on PME. Inter-rater agreement was considerably lower for the diagnosis based on the combined information on PME and clinical signs observed in the herd.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Death by cyathostominosis].

In autumn 2002 and 2003, the Animal Health Service received several young horses for post mortem investigation that had died or had been euthanised. It was found that severe cyathostominosis was the cause of death. The aetiology, pathology and diagnosis of this infection is discussed. Advice is given for preventative measures and usage of anthelmintics.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Idiopathic gastric rupture in a Friesian foal].

Acute idiopathic gastric rupture resulted in sudden death of a 4.5-months-old healthy Friesian foal. No morphological lesions were present which could explain the preceding gastric impaction. In this case hypodypsia may have been (partially) responsible for the impaction as only a mechanical drinking apparatus, unsuitably for horses, was available.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of exposure and infection of Lawsonia intracellularis among slaughter-age pigs.

The extent of clinical or subclinical infection associated with Lawsonia intracellularis within Dutch pig herds was uncertain. A case-control study of slaughter age pigs was used to study natural infection within Dutch herds and to compare diagnostic methods. From six case herds where clinical disease had been identified recently, and six disease-free herds, 40 pigs of slaughter-age were examined postmortem. The diagnostic methods used were: serology, gross examination, Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (HE), Warthin-Starry silver stain, Lawsonia-specific indirect immunoperoxidase of the ileum, and PCR of ileum mucosa and colon contents. There were 59% seropositive pigs in case herds and 26% seropositive pigs in control herds. Using immunohistochemistry, 57% of case herds and 46% of control herds were bacteria positive in the ileum mucosa. It was concluded that a majority of Dutch herds contain L. intracellularis infected finisher pigs. In some herds this is associated with clinical outbreaks of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy but in other herds no clinical disease is apparent. Many seropositive pigs in herds without clinical disease had evidence of Lawsonia antigen in sites other than the apical cytoplasm of proliferating epithelial cells, particularly the supranuclear region. It was uncertain whether to classify these pigs as having "recovered" from an infection or whether they have a sub-clinical or chronic form of the disease. We concluded that PCR examination of faeces and serology probably provide more specific results than gross examinations at slaughter, and that a monoclonal antibody-based examination of ileum mucosa should be the accepted screening method for this infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Senecio jacobaea: deceiving beauty. Senecio jacobaea poisoning].

In a cattle herd problems were noticed during 1.5 years, characterised by emaciation and loss of milk production with lower fat- and protein%, tenesmus, central nervous symptoms (aggression, circling and blindness), diarrhoea, eczema solare and death. Clinical, laboratory and post mortem examinations did not reveal a specific cause at first. An intoxication was suspected based on the clinical symptoms, the course of the disease in sick animals and severe liver cirrhosis found in a sudden death cow: The animals were fed grassilage derived from an air force base on which an overwhelming amount of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) was present. On subsequent microscopic examination of the livers of 11 slaughtered clinically healthy animals all of these showed fibrosis in varying extension. Cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver and the clinical symptoms are all features of chronic pyrrolyzidine alkaloidosis. Tansy ragwort poisoning has not been diagnosed in the Netherlands for years. The rise in cases is due to more extensive use of land.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Veterinarians:'Watch your affairs!'].

The most relevant results of a written questionnaire among veterinarians in the Netherlands are presented and discussed. The inquiry was performed by MarketResponse Nederland BV. The objective was to get an overview of the current perception and the future view of the profession. The response was 37%. Most respondents (66%) were practitioners, 7% were active in research or teaching institutions, 5% were governmental employees, 5% were employed in industry, and 17% did not belong to any of these categories (retired, unemployed etc.). Forty-seven per cent of the veterinarians practised mainly small animal medicine, 24% large animal medicine (cattle 15%, swine 8%, and poultry 1%), and 4% equine medicine; 24% worked in mixed practices. This division reflects the real-life situation. The percentage of female respondents was considerably higher in the group of recent graduates than in the other groups of graduates (increasing from 27% in the graduation period 1980-1989 to 56% in the period 1990-1999). Sixty per cent of the veterinarians worked more than 40 hours a week. Veterinarians considered themselves reliable, honest, professional, client-minded, and animal-friendly. According to them, the public perceived veterinarians as being animal-friendly, professional, and reliable. Veterinarians were less satisfied in their current position than other professional groups, particularly with regard to their income. Their current market position was considered indifferent or good. This position was influenced negatively by the decrease in the number of animals and competition from non-veterinarians and others. The situation could be improved by collaboration and practice fusions, specialization, and differentiation. More demanding and price-conscious clients and governmental regulations were considered important trends. Social, management, and marketing skills, increased knowledge and cooperation, and a vision of future developments were considered essential in order to be able react to developments on the market. About 60% of the practitioners and 50% of the other veterinarians felt that they lacked the right skills, and especially management and marketing skills, to react to these developments adequately. Most veterinarians (77%) considered that their training did not provide them with the skills needed for their current position. During training, more time should be spent on management, communication, marketing, and social skills. Based on the results, veterinary medicine in the Netherlands seems to be an introspective but good profession; however, the interesting aspects of the profession appear to be over-shadowed by less appreciated aspects and the income is moderate. Entrepreneuship is poorly developed, in part because this is considered taboo. The importance of skills that are not an integral part of veterinary medicine, such as management, marketing, and communication, is recognized, as is the lack of these skills. Despite this, emphasis is put on continuing professional education, species specialization, modernization, accreditation, and expansion of facilities and treatment possibilities as ways to respond to the market situation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Slaughter pigs are commonly infected by closely related but distinct gastric ulcerative lesion-inducing gastrospirilla.

An association between (unculturable) gastrospirillum-like organisms (GLO) and ulcerative lesions in the pars oesophagea in stomachs of swine has been claimed. In dogs GLO detected by microscopy may represent several Helicobacter species or subspecies. Therefore we investigated which Helicobacter spp. are present in stomachs of swine and their possible association with ulcerative lesions of the pars oesophagea. The presence of Helicobacter spp. in the antrum and pars oesophagea in 122 stomachs of slaughter swine was determined by microscopy (n = 122), by culture on selective and nonselective media (n = 112), and by a genus-specific 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR (n = 80). GLO could not be cultured. Phylogenetic analysis of 43 16S rDNA fragments (out of 54 PCR-positive biopsy specimens) revealed the presence of Helicobacter heilmannii type 1 in 42 of them. This correlated with the presence of bacteria with GLO morphology. Helicobacter bilis 16S rDNA was amplified directly from one sample harboring bacteria with H. bilis morphology. The association between Helicobacter spp. and gastric lesions was investigated with a second group of 41 pigs with (n = 21 cases) or without (n = 20 controls) gastric lesions. Fifteen of the 21 cases were positive by PCR or microscopy, compared to 7 of 20 of the controls (P = 0.03). 16S rDNA sequence analysis of 7 of 14 PCR-positive cases revealed the presence of H. heilmannii type 1. Microscopy showed bacteria with GLO morphology. One sample (cases) was culture negative but PCR positive for Helicobacter pullorum-related 16S rDNA. In conclusion, our findings indicate that H. heilmannii type 1 is the predominant Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of pigs and that its presence is associated with ulcerative lesions in the pars oesophagea.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1995

Effect of hammer mill screen size and addition of fibre or S-methylmethionine-sulphonium chloride to the diet on the occurrence of oesophagogastric lesions in fattening pigs.

Four groups of about 86 pigs from a common source were fed a grower diet from 25 kg to 45 kg liveweight, and then from 45 to 107 kg liveweight they were offered one of four diets ad libitum: A) normal commercial feed, ground through a 3 mm screen (the control diet), B) the same diet ground through a 6 mm screen, C) the control diet to which lucerne meal was added before the diet was ground to increase its crude fibre content, and D) the control diet to which was added 400 ppm S-methylmethionine-sulphonium chloride (MMSC). All the diets were pelleted. Approximately 21 per cent of the animals fed the control diet had severe oesophagogastric erosions and/or ulcers after slaughter. The addition of 400 ppm MMSC decreased (P = 0.066) the proportion of severe oesophagogastric erosions and/or ulcers by about 50 per cent compared with the control diet. The diet with the higher crude fibre content (but finely ground) did not have a significant effect on the proportion of severe oesophagogastric erosions and/or ulcers. There was a tendency for the pigs fed the diet ground through a 6 mm screen instead of a 3 mm screen, to have fewer severe oesophagogastric erosions and/or ulcers. However, there were only small differences between the particle size distribution obtained from the wet sieve analysis of the two diets. As a result, the observed tendency for a decrease in the proportion of severe oesophagogastric erosions and/or ulcers in pigs fed the diet milled through the larger screen size was of questionable significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

Growth and oesophagogastric lesions in finishing pigs offered pelleted feed ad libitum.

The growth rates of 458 finishing pigs between 25 kg and 107 kg liveweight, which were offered finely ground pelleted feed ad libitum, were determined and their stomachs were examined at slaughter. Two herds were involved and a macroscopical examination of the mucosal lesions in the pars oesophagea revealed a prevalence of 75 per cent of the 274 pigs in herd A and 89 per cent of the 184 pigs in herd B with hyperkeratosis of the pars oesophagea, and approximately 11 per cent of the pigs in both herds with extensive erosions and/or ulceration; on average the pigs with extensive lesions gained 50 to 75 g/day less weight than the pigs with no lesions in the pars oesophagea. There was no difference between the prevalence of the oesophagogastric lesions of different severity between barrows and gilts, but there was evidence for differences between litters.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

A survey of the relationship between bile staining and oesophagogastric lesions in slaughter pigs.

In 280 slaughter pigs, the oesophageal region of the stomach was examined to test the hypothesis that there is a (causal) relationship between the intensity of bile staining of oesophagogastric tissue due to bile regurgitation and the severity of oesophagogastric lesions. When the stomachs were opened, almost all stomachs contained bile and 99.6% of stomachs showed bile staining of the pars oesophagea. A total of 14.3% of the stomachs showed distinct erosions and/or ulceration. A considerable proportion of the stomachs (58.5%) had hyperkeratosis as the only lesion. Only two animals showed a completely intact epithelium. There was no evidence for an increased proportion of oesophagogastric lesions with an increased intensity of bile staining. No dark yellow to green staining was observed; a just detectable to an obvious yellow was seen. This is an indication for bile regurgitation of recent origin. Therefore, there is no evidence for the hypothesis that the regurgitation of bile into the stomach is positively linked to the occurrence of oesophagogastric lesions in fattening pigs. It is suggested that various factors associated with slaughter, such as fasting and slaughter procedure, are primarily responsible for the presence of bile and the staining of the pars oesophagea in the stomachs.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1995

Cultured pig rhabdomyosarcoma cells with a deletion of the Xq24-qter chromosome region: an immunochemical and cytogenetic characterization.

A pig rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (PRUM59) was established, and the immuno(histo)chemical and cytogenetic characterization of these cells was determined. At various swine farms in the Netherlands, pigs were observed that had solitary or multiple skin nodules, which were diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcomas. Cells of a tumor derived from a 3.5-week-old female pig were cultured for immunochemical and cytogenetic analyses. The cell line had characteristic features of undifferentiated muscle cells, similar to those observed in tumor tissue sections; they contained titin, a high-molecular weight protein specific for striated muscle, as dot-like aggregates and as filaments, desmin filaments and cross-striations, smooth muscle actin stress fibers, and vimentin filaments. The cells stained positively for striated muscle actin and tropomyosin as well. The immunohistochemical staining results were supported by results of immunoblotting experiments. Karyotyping of the cells revealed a deletion of a major part of Xq24-qter, a part of the long arm of 1 of the 2 X chromosomes. The other X chromosome and all autosomes appeared to be normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Tumor cells on the inside and tumor cells on the outside. A contribution to the diagnosis and elucidation of the pathogenesis of mammary tumors in dogs].

This review discusses some recent experience with intra- and extracellular components of tumours as markers for tumour diagnosis. Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins of either epithelial or mesenchymal cells. Antibodies raised against human intermediate filament proteins cross-react with their canine counterparts. A study of the presence and distribution of intermediate filaments in normal mamma and mammary tumours of dogs showed that they do not contribute to a more adequate classification of the tumours. However, the presence of vimentin in epithelial tumour cells may be a marker of malignancy. Proteoglycans are extracellular matrix proteins, containing long chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Analysis of the presence of GAGs in canine mammary tumours showed that accumulation of chondroitin sulfate, frequently of an abnormal type, was a predominant finding in all tumour types, but not in normal mamma, and was not related to biological behaviour. Although demonstration of the before-mentioned tumour components does not help tumour diagnosis, it may contribute to the elucidation of the development of such tumours as the complex and mixed adenomas of the mamma of which cartilage and bone are important constituents of unknown origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-affected and tumorous mammary tissue of female dogs.

Epidermal growth factor (EGFR), oestrogen (ER), and progestin (PR) receptor concentrations were determined by radioligand binding assay in non-affected mammary tissues (n = 13) and benign (n = 11) and primary/locally recurrent malignant proliferative mammary lesions (n = 45) and metastases (n = 19) in 65 female dogs. The number of specimens expressing EGFR was not significantly different among these tissues, but EGFR concentration was lower in metastases (P = 0.02) than in benign or primary/locally recurrent malignant lesions not mixed with non-affected mammary tissue. The presence of non-affected mammary tissue in primary cancer specimens was noticed as a factor that may influence results of receptor measurements. No relation was found between the expression of EGFR and that of ER or PR in non-affected or in tumorous mammary tissues. It was concluded that in the dog mammary gland EGFR expression is not associated with conditions of steroid receptor absence of biological agressiveness of neoplastic growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Clustering in canine malignant lymphoma.

A clustering of generalized malignant lymphoma is reported in a single household of Rottweiler dogs (both parents and three of the four sibling in one litter) and in a breeding pair of unrelated Scottish terriers. In addition, malignant lymphoma of the myocardium was found in three directly related otterhounds (the sire and two sibling offspring). Possible genetic and viral factors in the aetiology of canine malignant lymphoma are discussed.

Animals↗