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Biomedical subjects

J H Yao

Publications and source records attributed to J H Yao.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of dietary sources of vegetable oils on performance of high-yielding lactating cows and conjugated linoleic acids in milk.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with vegetable oils on performance of high-yielding lactating cows and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in milk fat. Twelve lactating Holstein cows in early lactation (30 to 45 d postpartum) were used in a triple 4 x 4 Latin square design. In each period, the cows in each group were fed the same basal diet and received one of the following treatments: 1) control (without oil), 2) 500 g of cottonseed oil, 3) 500 g of soybean oil, and 4) 500 g of corn oil. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk, with the first 2 wk used for adaptation to the diet. Supplementation with vegetable oils tended to increase milk yield, with the highest milk yield in the cottonseed oil group (35.0 kg/d), compared with the control (34.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentage was decreased, but there were few effects on percentage and yield of milk protein as well as milk fat yield. The cows fed added soybean oil produced milk with the highest content of trans-11 C(18:1) (23.8 mg/g of fat), which was twice that of the control (12.6 mg/g of fat). Content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat increased from 3.5 mg/g in the control to 6.0, 7.1, and 10.3 mg/g for the cows fed oils from cottonseed, corn, and soybean, respectively. A significant linear relationship existed between trans-11 C(18:1) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Supplementation with oils doubled the content of total fatty acids in blood plasma, with little difference between different vegetable oil sources. Octadecenoic acid content was significantly higher in blood plasma of animals fed added oils from cottonseed and soybean than those fed with corn oil and control. The plasma trans-11 C(18:1) content was significantly higher in the oil-added animals than in control. Supplementation of vegetable oils tended to improve milk production of lactating cows, and the CLA content in milk fat was significantly increased. Soybean oil seemed to be the optimal source to increase CLA production.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

CISOC-PSCT: a predictive system for carcinogenic toxicity.

A SAR based carcinogenic toxicity prediction system, CISOC-PSCT, was developed. It consisted of two principal phases: the construction of relationships between structural descriptors and carcinogenic toxicity indices, and prediction of the toxicity from the SAR model. The training set included 2738 carcinogenic and 4130 non-carcinogenic compounds. Three predefined topological types of substructures termed Star, Path and Ring were used to generate the descriptors for each structure in the training set. In this system, the defined carcinogenic toxicity index (CTI) was obtained from the probability of a structural descriptor to either belong to the carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic compounds. Based on these structural descriptors and their CTI, a SAR model was derived. Then the carcinogenic possibility (CP) and the carcinogenic impossibility (CIP) of compounds were predicted. The model was tested from a testing set of 304 carcinogenic compounds (MDL toxicity database), 460 non-carcinogenic compounds (CMC database) and 94 compounds extracted from two traditional Chinese medicine herbs.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed2001

Bis(beta-alaninium) biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, 2C(3)H(8)NO(2)(+).C(12)H(8)O(6)S(2)(2-), N-H...O hydrogen bonds formed between the amino H atoms and the sulfonate O atoms give rise to the assembly of cationic beta-alaninium dimers and centrosymmetric biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate anions into an extended two-dimensional layer. The resulting hydrogen-bonded ribbons can be described as C(2)(2)(6)R(4)(4)(12) according to graph-set notation. C-H...O hydrogen bonds between adjacent sheets further extend the structure into a three-dimensional arrangement.

Alanine↗
PubMed1999

Mice deficient in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme resist anorexia induced by central lipopolysaccharide.

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is expressed in the mouse brain after intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is thought to be responsible for many of the behavioral and neuroendocrine changes that occur during inflammation. In this study we show that LPS in the brain also induces expression of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) and that ICE is important for the characteristic anorectic response of mice to intracerebroventricular LPS. Specifically, mice that were deficient in ICE (ICE(-/-)) resisted the anorexia caused by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS but were sensitive to the anorectic properties of recombinant IL-1beta. The typical anorectic response seen in wild-type (WT) mice after LPS was restored in ICE(-/-) mice by intracerebroventricular administration of the ICE analog cathepsin G. Conversely, anorexia induced by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS in WT mice was blocked by prior intracerebroventricular injection of the ICE antagonist YVAD. CMK. Furthermore, in situ hybridization immunohistochemistry revealed intense expression of ICE mRNA in the hippocampus and dorsomedial hypothalamus of WT mice after intracerebroventricular injection of LPS. Thus ICE mRNA is expressed in brain after intracerebroventricular injection of LPS and is important for induction of anorexia, presumably because it generates mature IL-1beta. These results suggest that preventing generation of mature IL-1beta can inhibit anorexia induced by LPS in the brain and, therefore, reveal ICE as a potential target for regulating food intake during brain inflammation.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
PubMed1994

[Pharmacokinetics and disposition of vinpocetine in rats].

A reverse-phase HPLC method for determination of vinpocetine in biological samples was developed. The method was simple, highly specific and accurate. After i.v. administration of vinpocetine in rats, the plasma concentration-time curves of vinpocetine was found to be fitted to a two-compartment open model. Dosing 5 and 10 mg.kg-1 vinpocetine in rats, the elimination of the drug from plasma accorded with linear kinetics and the elimination half-lives were shown to be 1.76 +/- 0.27 h. The volumes of distribution were 7.30 +/- 0.49 L.kg-1 (5 mg.kg-1) and 6.07 +/- 0.67 L.kg-1 (10 mg.kg-1) respectively. The drug levels were high in the lung, spleen, liver and kidney, moderate in brain, fat and testis and low in heart, muscle and blood. Our results demonstrate that vinpocetine was eliminated in a rapid rate and distributed widely in the body. The bioavailability of vinpocetine after ig administration was 54.54% in rats. A small amount of unchanged vinpocetine was detected in urine, feces and bile after i.v. and ig administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of periodontal disease in an adult population survey in Taipei city using CPITN and GPM/T indices.

The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) has been recommended for epidemiological surveys of periodontal status and treatment needs. The prevalence of gingivitis, periodontitis and missing teeth in a study population has been determined using the CPITN and GPM/T (gingivitis: periodontitis: missing teeth) indices. In this study, a survey of periodontal disease was performed among the adult population of Taipei City using the CPITN index. A total of 673 dentated persons (male 339, 50.4%; female 334, 49.6%) were examined and surveyed. Data were then divided into five age groups, 15-19, 20-29, 30-44, 45-64 and 64+. The prevalence of periodontal disease was analyzed using the percentage or sextant from all teeth. Treatment needs were determined by the worst periodontal score per sextant. It was found that about 91% of subjects suffered from various degrees of periodontal disease in at least one tooth. Gingivitis and periodontitis were 86.9% and 33%, respectively. Among them 48.9% had missing teeth. The prevalence of periodontitis and missing teeth increased with age. Most of them involved oral hygiene instruction and scaling. About 11.0% of the subjects needed periodontal surgery. Higher proportions of attachment loss with gingival recession caused by destructive periodontal disease were found in older persons who did not require periodontal surgery. It was concluded that endemic gingivitis and calculus, a moderate prevalence of shallow pockets and a low prevalence of deep pockets were observed among adults in this group in Taipei City and that the CPITN is a practical epidemiological and public health method for screening the periodontal status and treatment needs of a population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Survey on oral hygiene performance among dental patients in the Taiwan area].

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of understanding and the importance placed on oral hygiene (i.e. frequency, time, tools, and attitude towards hygiene with respect to age, sex, and education or socioeconomic status) among dental patients in Taiwan. A total of 748 questionnaires (380 males and 368 females) was obtained, the chi square test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the results. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between oral hygiene habits and the following 1) onset of tooth-brushing as associated with sex and age; 2) frequency of toothbrushing as associated with age, education or socioeconomic status; 3) timing of brushing as associated with age and sex; 4) duration of toothbrushing and age; and, 5) flossing and age. Mean initial toothbrushing age was found to be 4.69 years of age and mean toothbrushing frequency was 2.42 times per day. Of the dental patients investigated, 47.5% did employ dual cleansings after meals and before bedtime. The average toothbrushing time was 1 minute and 53 seconds and brand preferences existed for toothpastes, rather than toothbrushes. It is suggested that dental health education on when to begin brushing a child's teeth and how to form good oral hygiene habits should be provided and reinforced along with periodic assessments of the tooth cleaning tools used for oral hygiene.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-molar caries experience among Taiwanese first-grade children.

Evidence suggests that dental caries levels may have risen dramatically among Taiwanese children during the past twenty years. Accurate and consistent methods of assessing the dental caries in Taiwanese children, however, have not been widely employed. This project assessed, in detail, the caries status of 333 first grade children attending four schools in Taiwan. Mean DMFS and DMFT computed solely from first-molar data for these children were 1.46 and 1.19, respectively. Mean DMFS for females was 1.57, while for males it was 1.35. Overall, 48 percent of the children were caries-free in their permanent first molars. Nearly 90 percent of DMF was "decayed," while the remainder was "filled." Children from families in lower socioeconomic status (SES) categories had significantly higher mean DMFS than did higher SES children. Results suggest that caries prevention and dental treatment programs should be developed or enhanced to reduce the caries problem among Taiwanese children, particularly those at high risk.

Child↗