Biomedical subjects

J Hálek

Publications and source records attributed to J Hálek.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous and surgically-assisted vaginal delivery].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous delivery, forceps delivery and vacuum-extraction. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc. METHODS: The database of 8196 deliveries at our department in the time period from January 1995 till September 2000 revealed 183 of forceps deliveries and 217 of vacuum-extractions. The control group included 200 randomly selected parturients with spontaneous vaginal delivery. The early maternal morbidity was evaluated according to the following parameters: perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree, duration of hospitalization, average blood loss, the need of analgetics, dehiscence of episiotomy requiring resuture, febrilies and administration of antibiotics. The early neonatal morbidity evaluation was based on the incidence of cephalhematomas, the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia, duration of hospitalization, signs of fetal hypoxia (pH, Apgar score), gestational age, birthweight and the presence of intracranial and retinal bleeding. The statistical significance of the differences in the frequency of the above parameters was evaluated. RESULTS: Spontaneous deliveries were associated with lower maternal morbidity according to the most of studied parameters. Vacuum-extraction had a lower frequency of maternal postpartum complications compared to forceps deliveries. Statistically valid differences were however found only at perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree and at administration of analgetic and antibiotics. The use of vacuum-extraction seems to be connected with a higher risk of cephalhematomas (p = 0.0051) and longer duration of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: From the point of view of early maternal morbidity the assisted vaginal delivery by vacuumextraction gives better results than by forceps. However vacuum-extraction increases the risk of cephalhematomas at newborn.

Extraction, Obstetrical↗

PubMed2000

A method of local skin perfusion detection.

On the epidermal surface there are inhomogeneities which manifest as, among other things, lower local impedance. These regions include Head's zones, sweat glands, and also the so-called acupuncture points. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of skin perfusion on epidermal impedance at the acupuncture points. When measuring epidermis impedance in the local (acupuncture) points the method of impedance plethysmography was applied. Both the method of four electrode measurement at the constant current and the method of two electrode measurement by means of the different and indifferent electrode as well were engaged. First, we had to uncover the size of the action skin points which was made by means of a different micro-electrode developed by us. The effect of some factors on the reproducibility and comparability of the values measured was evaluated. The attention was focused mainly on the questions of the pressure of the different electrode on the skin surface, magnitude and waveform of the exciting current, and so on. The authors demonstrate the impossibility to measure changes in skin impedance in the acupuncture points, in dependence on the blood perfusion--which was due to the high serial resistance between the point measured in the acupuncture place when the four-electrode measurement was applied, on the other side.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed1998

[Results of measurement of resolution capability of ultrasonographic equipment using our new method].

The quality of sonographic instruments is vital for accurate medical diagnosis. To overcome one subjective problem associated with sonographic equipment, we have designed a system for objective instrument evaluation that is simple, accurate and valid. The system described fulfills the criteria for solving the outlined problem and enables us now to measure the parameters of both the axial and transversal resolutions. Additionally we can appreciate dynamic range of signal, gray scale parameters, the amplitude of video-signal and level of side lobes. To evaluate our method we examined two sonographies with different transducers working on the frequencies of 3 and/or 5 MHz. The method gives reliable results for sonographies quality assessment.

Phantoms, Imaging↗

PubMed1998

[The concept of practical teaching of medical informatics at the Medical School of Palacký University in Olomouc].

The method and conditions of medical information technology teaching represent a direct reflection of both significant progress of information technology and change in public approach to computer techniques. Over the years, the content of the course has been changed to a large extent. It is a result of the existing wide scale of available program products, modernization of local computer network and information technology classrooms and especially common attempt to availability of Internet. The computer-literacy of students is increasing as well as the number and quality of specialized teaching programs and demands of theoretical subjects of study. However the level of computer-literacy of individual students is getting to be widely different. In answer to this situation our institute reacts by some measures, described here. The aim of this paper is to raise a discussion about them and about this issue and to learn more about the approaches and practise in other institutes. In our opinion, a general integration of the main features of the medical information technology teaching courses at Medical Faculties would be the most effective result.

Czech Republic↗

PubMed1998

[Financing of education and research in universities].

Universities in the Czech Republic undergo a process of deep changes. There are different perspectives concerning the correctness of the way started with this process. This contribution shows the possibilities which the ministry of Education, Youth and Sports can use to support the quality of teaching as well as the quality of science and research at our universities. The possibilities of evaluation of schools are rather problematic but to find a way of evaluation of the schools is absolutely necessary. There are certain parameters devised in this contribution which will be later elaborated into formulas, then modified in the way which enables that they can be used in the higher education budget allocation in the following year. In the area of research and development there is an evident pressure from the Ministry on the Government to increase the institutional funding of research and development. This funds will be distributed according to the "Rules for the evaluation of research intentions and results of organizations from the view point of the institutional funding provisions for research and development".

Czech Republic↗

PubMed1993

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

The authors present an account of their experience assembled during one year with laparoscopic operations of the gallbladder. They indicated 248 patients for CHE incl. 237, i.e. 95.6%, for laparoscopic CHE. No deaths, no major complications, 6.5% conversions in elective indications, 23% in acute indications. Six patients with residual choledocholithiasis are in the authors' opinion a signal calling for more accurate detection of CHLDL before and during LCHE.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984