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Biomedical subjects

J Haagsma

Publications and source records attributed to J Haagsma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Mortality of cattle following feeding of moldy flower bulbs].

Five of eight meat cattle died suddenly without showing prior symptoms of disease. The sudden death occurred in connection with the feeding of mouldy tulip bulbs. A short review is given of the use of flower bulbs as cattle feed, the use of herbicides/fungicides in bulb cultivation, and the relevant legislation. Several toxicological aspects that should be taken into consideration when flower bulbs are used as cattle feed are discussed. Both the Central Veterinary Institute and the State Institute for Public Health and Environmental Hygiene showed, in experiments with mice, the presence of a toxin in extracts of the mouldy tulip bulbs. This toxin is probably produced by moulds present in the tulip bulbs. The death of the animals was probably caused by an as yet unidentified mycotoxin.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Amplification of 16S rRNA sequences to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

A probe based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences was developed to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle. Three universal primers were used to sequence the amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene of various species of mycobacteria. When the nucleotide sequences were analysed, a deletion was detected in the sequence of the fast-growing species. An oligonucleotide probe (P) directed to this region was synthesised and hybridised directly with total RNA of various mycobacterial strains in a dot-spot assay. The probe detected M. paratuberculosis, some other slow-growing mycobacteria of the M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) complex, and one atypical strain, M. gordonae. To increase the sensitivity of the probe, a 413-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of M. paratuberculosis between P and a second oligonucleotide primer was amplified and hybridised with a M. paratuberculosis/M. avium-specific probe. When faecal samples of cattle were tested, all culture-positive samples were positive in the PCR assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the abilities of three diagnostic tests based on the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle: application in a control program.

Three assays for the specific detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by dot spot hybridization of polymerase chain reaction products were applied to fecal samples of dairy cattle. The first two tests used polymerase chain reaction primers and a DNA probe derived from M. paratuberculosis-specific sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and insertion element IS900, respectively. These two tests were carried out on spiked fecal samples to determine the detection limits. The 16S rRNA test was able to detect 10(7) bacteria per g of feces, and the IS900 test detected 10(4) to 10(5) per g of feces. Next, we studied the usefulness of these tests in a control program for paratuberculosis. Therefore, the tests and a third, commercially available, test (IDEXX Corp.) were used twice with an interval of 3 months on fecal samples of 87 cows from two dairy herds with a history of Johne's disease. We compared the results of these tests with those of culturing. This showed that the tests are specific but that the sensitivity ranged from 3 to 23%. Further improvement of the sensitivity is needed before the tests can be used in a control program to eradicate Johne's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology and control of rabies in bats in The Netherlands.

The first case of bat rabies in the Netherlands was recorded in 1987. Since then, 2,540 bats have been examined. In total, 186 bats belonging to two species were found positive for rabies: 182 Eptesicus serotinus and 4 Myotis dasycneme. The virus isolates from the two species were found to be different. Approximately 20% of the E. serotinus bats sent for examination were found positive. The epidemiological findings suggest a stable situation of infection north of the Rhine and the Meuse. A total of 174 humans received post-exposure treatment after direct contact with a positive or suspected bat. The public has been warned not to touch bats and, if contact does occur, to send the bat for rabies examination. The authorities also advise post-exposure treatment for dogs and cats which have had contact with a rabies-positive bat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Botulism in cattle, a review].

Botulism in cattle is reviewed in the present paper. General information concerning the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease is followed by a discussion of the epidemiological situation in the Netherlands. Since 1975 several outbreaks of botulism type C or D have occurred. Poultry litter in which toxic carcasses were present, was the most important source of the toxin. An increasing number of cases of botulism type D was reported in recent years, which was probably due to the fact that poultry is not susceptible to toxin type D and therefore the presence of type D toxin is difficult to recognise timely. In addition, atypical cases of type B botulism occurred in the Netherlands during the period from 1977 to 1978, which were caused by supplementary feeding of brewer's grains. Finally, the diagnostic problems, differential diagnosis, prevention, treatment and public health aspects are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Tuberculosis in alpacas; a zoonosis as an imported disease].

In the Netherlands, in 1988, a micro-epidemic of tuberculosis in alpacas recently imported from Peru prompted health authorities to initiate investigation of human and animal contacts. Although the animal trainer and his assistant suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, they turned out to be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the animals later proved to be infected by M. bovis. The alpacas' caretaker and a laboratory technician present at the autopsy, were probably infected by animal contact. Elsewhere in the country, three more alpacas were reported with tuberculosis at the time; this initiated a large-scale investigation among alpacas, llamas etc., but no further cases were detected. The possibility of imported zoonoses, especially after 1992, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Tuberculosis in imported alpacas--a zoonosis--now what?].

An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in imported Alpaca's in the Netherlands is reported. A review of the outbreak of the disease is followed by a more detailed discussion of the symptoms, diagnostic testing with the tuberculin skin test and the ELISA test, the gross lesions, the bacteriological examinations, the control measures and the legal aspects. As tuberculosis is not referred to in the Live-Stock Act, the control measures had to be based on the humane Control of Infectious Disease and Tracing the Causes of Disease Act. In the discussion, it is advocated to pay attention to more species of animals than only to the traditional live-stock in the proposed Health and Welfare of Animals Act.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Botulism].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pathogenic anaerobic bacteria and the environment.

The distribution of pathogenic anaerobes in the environment and the relationship with diseases in animals are discussed. A distinction between the spore-bearing anaerobes (clostridia) and the Gram-negative non-spore-forming anaerobes is necessary. The main habitat of clostridia is the soil but they are also found in dust, sewage, rivers, lakes, sea water, milk, vegetables, fresh meat, fish, insects and the intestinal tract. The Gram-negative non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria are also widely distributed among animals, principally on mucous membranes of the alimentary tract. After a general introduction and a section on the isolation of anaerobes, the various diseases caused by clostridia (botulism, tetanus, blackleg, malignant oedema, infectious necrotic hepatitis, enterotoxaemia and gas gangrene) and Gram-negative anaerobes (infections due to Fusobacterium and Bacteroides spp., such as diphtheria, footrot, etc.) are discussed. In particular, information concerning the reservoir of the causative agent and the mode of transmission is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Testing strains of Clostridium perfringens type A isolated from diarrhoeic piglets for the presence of the enterotoxin gene.

A diarrhoeic syndrome in piglets has been linked to Clostridium perfringens type A because this organism has been isolated in large numbers from all cases. The strains isolated from these cases and strains isolated from healthy piglets were screened for the enterotoxin gene of C perfringens by DNA-hybridisation. Using two different synthetic DNA-probes, none of the strains isolated from diseased pigs was positive in this reaction, indicating that the enterotoxin of C perfringens is not involved in the syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of delayed-type hypersensitivity test to diagnose brucellosis in calves born to infected dams.

Calves (n = 2) born to dams with experimentally induced brucellosis, and calves (n = 4) born to dams with naturally occurring infection were examined by the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test for possible B. abortus infection. The results were compared with the serum agglutination test, complement fixation test, and Coombs test. Five calves were nursed by their dams for 8-10 weeks after birth. One calf was separated from its dam and fed artificial milk. Three to five months after birth, four calves tested seropositive in the serologic tests. Antibodies were detected in one calf as early as 1 week after birth. The calf fed on artificial milk was seronegative 4-5 weeks after birth. All calves reacted to the DTH test antigen from week 12 until the end of the experiment, even though serologic tests were negative. We conclude that the DTH test is a valuable technique for diagnosing Brucella in calves born to infected dams.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

[First case of type D botulism in cattle in the Netherlands (author's transl)].

Report on an outbreak of botulism in six cows, in which Cl. botulinum toxin type D was found to be the cause for the first time in the Netherlands. Epidemiological studies showed that this outbreak of type D botulism was due to the fact that the litter used in the cubicles of the cows had been taken from a poultry farm in which cadavers of chicken were present, which contained up to 2 x 10(5) LD100 of Cl botulinum toxin type D per gram.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Type B botulism in cattle, caused by feeding grass silage. Report of a case (author's transl)].

An outbreak of type B botulism in cattle, caused by feeding grass silage, is reported. The clinical features were completely identical with those in cases of type B botulism, which occurred when abnormal brewers' grains were fed. 36.5 mouse LD50 type B toxin was found to be present in each gramme of grass silage, the bacterial count being 10(4) Cl. botulinum type B per gramme.

Animal Feed↗