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Biomedical subjects

J Hamilton

Publications and source records attributed to J Hamilton.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comfort and the hospitalized chronically ill.

1. Although comfort is a word nurses use in their daily practice to describe a nursing measure, an outcome, and a goal, there has been very little research to determine the meaning of comfort from the patient's perspective. 2. The institutionalized elderly in this study described their comfort according to five themes: disease process; self-esteem; positioning; approach and attitudes of staff; and hospital life. So, as well as the physical component of comfort, the elderly viewed their comfort equally in terms of their relationships with others, their environment, and their feelings. 3. In order to best meet the patient's needs for comfort, the nurse should clarify the meaning of comfort with the patient so that he/she may individualize care.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy and safety of isradipine in hypertension.

Of the calcium channel blocking drugs, only verapamil is approved in the United States for treatment of hypertension. Isradipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium blocker that may be given on a twice-daily basis. It causes peripheral vasodilation with minimal cardiodepressant activity. We undertook a double-blind, parallel group randomized, multicenter study of 203 hypertensive subjects to examine the efficacy and safety of isradipine in treatment of hypertension. Subjects were given 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 mg isradipine twice daily for up to 5 weeks. There was a significant dose-response relationship between isradipine dose and decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Isradipine 15 mg/day reduced supine pressure by 16/15 mm Hg in patients with starting DBP less than 105 mm Hg and by 38/22 mm Hg in those with starting DBP greater than or equal to 105 mm Hg. There was no significant orthostatic fall in blood pressure at any dose. Heart rate (HR) increased on an average by only a maximum of four beats/min. The drug was slightly more effective in the elderly in the standing position than in the young in the standing position. Adverse effects were mild, and only six patients were discontinued from the study because of adverse effects. Isradipine appears to be a safe, effective drug in monotherapy of hypertension at a wide range of patient ages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Validity of messages from quadriplegic persons with cerebral palsy.

Interpreting gestures from retarded, nonvocal subjects is scientifically risky. Investigators must construe the subject's meaning without reference to an external validity measure. A procedure was devised in which message content was provided to nonvocal, severely palsied quadriplegic subjects in advance. Subjects' responses were limited to yes/no gestures. Another investigator elicited the messages without prior knowledge of their content. Results, which indicated reasonably high correspondence between stimulus messages and messages elicited, suggest that such subjects can present the content of their own phenomenal field accurately and that investigators' interpretations need not be considered imaginary.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anatomically correct dolls used in interviews of young children suspected of having been sexually abused.

To determine the value of using anatomically correct dolls in diagnostic interviews of young children suspected of being sexually abused, the records of 83 children who were less than 7 years of age and who were evaluated at Yale-New Haven Hospital because of a suspicion of sexual abuse were reviewed. The dolls were used in 60 cases (72%). When the dolls were used, children provided significantly more information than by interview alone about what had happened and about the identity of the suspected perpetrator. Children less than 3 years of age, however, were unable to provide details about the abuse despite the use of the dolls. The ratings of the likelihood that sexual abuse had occurred were based on all of the information in the case including that obtained through the diagnostic interview with the dolls. When these ratings were compared with the ratings based on evidence obtained solely from noninterview data, the likelihood of abuse was higher in 35% of the cases. It was concluded that substantially more information is provided by young children when anatomically correct dolls are used and that the likelihood of detection of abuse is increased when information from the child is included in the assessment.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of alkaline phosphatase from rachitic rat epiphyseal cartilage.

1. Alkaline phosphatase of rachitic epiphyseal cartilage was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential application of monoclonal affinity, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme showed the presence of a dominant band corresponding to a molecular weight of 80,000. 2. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as follows: Phe-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys5-Glu-Lys-Asp-Pro-Ser10-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Gln-+ ++Gln15-Ala-Gln-Glu- Thr-Leu20-Lys-Asn-Ala-Leu-Lys25-Leu-Gln-Lys-?-Asn-Val-Asn-?- Ala-Lys35-?-Ile-?- Met-Phe40-Leu-(Gly?)-Asp-(Ala/Gly?)-Met45-?-Val-?- (Val/Gly?).

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Hepatitis B vaccines in patients with chronic renal failure before dialysis.

Hepatitis B remains a significant risk to patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, but no certain method of prevention has been identified. We tested two vaccines, plasma-derived vaccine (40-micrograms dose) and recombinant-derived vaccine (40-micrograms and 20-micrograms doses), in 61 patients with chronic renal failure who were not yet dependent on dialysis. Patients were followed up clinically and with laboratory tests of kidney function and hepatitis B virus serology for one year. Significantly more recipients of plasma-derived vaccine responded to vaccination; they also achieved a higher titer of antibody to hepatitis B virus than did recipients of recombinant-derived vaccine when evaluated at 6, 7, 9, and 12 mo after vaccination. No serious side effects were observed with any vaccine preparation, nor were excessive adverse effects observed in any group. Compared with the dialysis patients previously studied, patients with renal failure who were not yet dependent on dialysis responded more favorably to the hepatitis B virus vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Protein kinase activities in the parathyroid gland: proparathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone and secretory protein-I as substrates for phosphorylation.

We have identified two protein kinase activities in homogenates of bovine parathyroid tissue following fractionation on DEAE columns. One of these is a protein kinase C based upon its requirement for calcium and phosphatidylserine and the other one is probably M kinase. The protein kinase C phosphorylated both proparathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone but not secretory protein-I (SP-I). Neither N [1-34] or C [35-84] terminal hormonal fragments were phosphorylated, suggesting that the structure of the intact PTH molecule is required for recognition by the enzyme. A second kinase activity behaving like M kinase was also obtained. This activity, which was not separable from a cAMP dependent kinase, was maximal with only 50 mM MgCl2 as cofactor. SP-I was readily phosphorylated by this activity but parathyroid hormone was not.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of rat bone tumor (UMR106) alkaline phosphatase.

Cultured rat osteosarcoma (UMR106) alkaline phosphatase was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential application of polyclonal antibody affinity, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol showed the presence of a dominant band (using silver staining) corresponding to a molecular weight of 80,000. The amino acid composition was similar to those of various alkaline phosphatases. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as follows: Phe-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys-Glu-Lys- Asp-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Gln-Gln-Ala-Gln-Glu-Thr-Leu- Lys-Asn-Ala-Leu-Lys-?-Gln-Lys-?-Asn-Val-Asn-Ala-Lys.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Localization of the Goodpasture epitope to a novel chain of basement membrane collagen.

The chain origins of subunits M1, M2*, and M3 previously described (Butkowski, R. L., Wieslander, J., Wisdom, B.J., Barr, J.F., Noelken, M.E., and Hudson, B.G. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3739-3747) of the globular domain of basement membrane collagen were identified, by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, with respect to their relationship to the chains of collagen IV. M1 comprises two polypeptides which correspond to the noncollagenous segments (NC1) of the alpha 1 ad alpha 2 chains of collagen IV. M2*, containing the Goodpasture epitope, and M3 are distinct from these two constituents and from each other but have Gly-X-Y triplets and hydroxyproline at their amino terminus, reflecting the fact that each has a collagen chain origin. These results indicate the presence of two new collagen chains in basement membrane. These new chains appear to be integral components of collagen IV molecules. Alternatively, they could represent new molecular species of basement membrane collagen containing a globular domain, comprising M2* and M3, with physicochemical properties very similar to those of collagen IV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase.

Bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was purified by the sequential application of monoclonal anti-bovine cartilage ALPase affinity, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed the presence of a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 80,000. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase was determined as follows: Leu-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys-Asp-Pro-?-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Asp-Gln-Ala-Gln.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Eye-tracking, attention and amphetamine challenge.

Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) performance has been linked to nonvoluntary attentional processes. Amphetamine is a psychotropic drug with documented effects on attentional performance. In order to evaluate the relationship between SPEM performance and amphetamine's attentional effects, SPEM performance was measured prior to and following amphetamine administration in five bipolar patients and eight obsessive-compulsive patients. In these 13 patients, amphetamine did not significantly alter the accuracy of SPEM in the two patient groups. However, significant negative correlations were observed in the obsessive-compulsive patients and in the combined patient groups between baseline SPEM impairment and changes in eye-tracking accuracy following amphetamine, i.e. individuals with poorer SPEM accuracy improved while better SPEM performers deteriorated in tracking accuracy during amphetamine treatment.

Attention↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of claudication with pentoxifylline: are benefits related to improvement in viscosity?

Forty-five patients with short-distance claudication were treated with pentoxifylline. The initial claudication distance increased significantly (32.5 m, p = 0.02) and the absolute claudication distance (ACD) increased significantly (49.5 m, p = 0.001) while the patients were receiving pentoxifylline. Patients with initial elevated viscosity levels were more likely to have decreased viscosity with pentoxifylline than were patients with normal viscosity levels (p = 0.01). No significant improvement in ACD or viscosity was noted in 51% of patients. Both ACD and viscosity improved in 15% of patients, viscosity improved without improvement in ACD in 9%, and ACD improved without improvement in viscosity in 25%.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1987

Experiential sampling in the study of multiple personality disorder.

The authors describe the application of experiential sampling, a new time-sampling method, to the assessment of rapid state changes in a woman with multiple personality disorder. She was signaled at random intervals during study periods and asked to provide information on alternate personality switches, amnesia, and mood state. The alternates displayed some characteristics that were as different as those occurring between separate individuals studied previously with this method. There were notable discrepancies between the self-report study data and information reported during therapy hours. The authors conclude that the phenomenology of multiple personality disorder is frequently more complex than is suspected early in the course of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A prospective study of inhibitive casting as an adjunct to physiotherapy for cerebral-palsied children.

The effect of a three-week course of inhibitive casting and neurodevelopmental therapy on the static muscle tonus, developmental skills, passive range of ankle dorsiflexion and gait pattern was determined in 32 cerebral-palsied children. Two weeks after treatment, passive range of ankle dorsiflexion and foot-floor contact in walking had improved significantly but there was no significant change in the static muscle tone or developmental skills. After five months the improvements in ankle dorsiflexion and walking pattern were no longer evident. Further objective studies to determine the effect of 'inhibitive casting' are necessary before the modality is used indiscriminately.

Ankle↗
PubMed1986

Platelet interaction with a pancreatic ascites tumor.

The mechanism leading to the hypercoagulability in pancreatic carcinoma is unclear. The rapid progress of the disease after its diagnosis and the inaccessibility of the tumor make studies on the mechanism difficult in man. With the successful induction of this malignancy and conversion of it into an ascites tumor in Syrian golden hamsters, interactions between isolated tumor cells and individual hemostatic components can be investigated. In this paper, studies on in vitro tumor cell-platelet interactions and some hemostatic changes in hamsters following intravenous injection of isolated tumor cells are described. Freshly isolated tumor cells and tumor-cell sonicates, but not those that had been kept at 4 or -70 C overnight, induced comparable aggregation of human platelets in both heparinized and citrated platelet-rich plasmas (hPRP and cPRP). The aggregation was not followed by clot formation; a specific synthetic thrombin inhibitor had no effect on the aggregation in either hPRP or cPRP. Washed and gel-filtered platelets, even in the presence of 5% of citrated or heparinized platelet-poor plasma (cPPP or hPPP) failed to be aggregated by tumor cells. Tumor-cell-induced platelet aggregation was accompanied by thromboxane formation and serotonin release, both of which were several orders of magnitude greater in cPPP than in hPRP. Aspirin, apyrase, and PGI2 all inhibited tumor-cell-induced platelet aggregation in both PRPs, but the inhibition by aspirin was minimal. Intravenous infusion of isolated tumor cells into normal hamsters resulted in a 50% reduction of platelet count and a 20-30% decline in antithrombin III and fibrinogen. Platelet aggregates and fibrin strands were seen in the lungs of these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Auditory hallucinations in nonverbal quadriplegics.

When a system for communicating with nonverbal, quadriplegic, institutionalized residents was developed, it was discovered that many were experiencing auditory hallucinations. Nine cases are presented in this study. The "voices" described have many similar characteristics, the primary one being that they give authoritarian commands that tell the residents how to behave and to which the residents feel compelled to respond. Both the relationship of this phenomenon to the theoretical work of Julian Jaynes and its effect on the lives of the residents are discussed.

Adult↗