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Biomedical subjects

J Hankinson

Publications and source records attributed to J Hankinson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Simple peroperative antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in elective neurosurgical operations.

From August 1981 to February 1982 postoperative infections due to different strains of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in 20 of 467 patients (4.3%) undergoing elective cranial and spinal operations. These infections were not attributable to defects in procedures or the theatre environment, therefore chemoprophylaxis was instituted. In the following 8 months, when patients were given penicillin G and sulphadiazine for 5 days commencing immediately postoperatively, S. aureus infections occurred in five of 579 patients (0.9%). In a subsequent randomized uncontrolled study, infections occurred in six of 265 patients receiving penicillin (2.3%), three of 270 receiving penicillin and sulphadiazine (1.1%) and one of 45 receiving erythromycin (2.2%) immediately postoperatively for 5 days. In a further study in which 587 patients received penicillin for 5 days commencing immediately preoperatively, infections due to S. aureus occurred in six (1.1%). Infections due to gram-negative organisms were seen in five (0.4%) of 1167 patients in the two uncontrolled studies.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1986

Effects of industrial respirator wear during exercise in subjects with restrictive lung disease.

Few studies have examined the response of individuals with restrictive lung disease (RLD) to respirator wear. Such information should be of theoretical and practical interest when the need to determine fitness to wear respirators is considered. Seventeen females performed progressive submaximal treadmill exercise. Twelve control subjects with total lung capacity (TLC) = 5.71 +/- .19L (mean +/- SEM) and DLCO = 25.8 +/- 1.0 mL/min/mmHg were compared to five RLD subjects with TLC = 3.70 +/- 0.22 and DLCO = 14.5 +/- 0.7. Mean age, height and weight were similar. Separate exercise trials were performed with no added resistance (NAR), and with 5 cm H2O/L/sec inspiratory and 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec expiratory resistance (R2) to stimulate widely used respiratory masks. Comparisons of exercise data were made at an oxygen consumption of 0.8 L/min. With NAR, RLD subjects had significantly higher minute ventilation (VE) (29.0 vs. 21.2 L/min for controls), higher respiratory rate (RR), and lower tidal volume (VT). Heart rate, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), and mouth pressure swing (Poral) were not different from control values. With R2 compared to NAR, the controls had reduced RR and VE; and increased VT, PETCO2, and Poral. While changes with R2 for the RLD subjects were in the same directions as controls, only the increase in Poral was statistically significant. Analysis of the differences showed that none of the changes with R2 in RLD subjects was different from control changes except for the greater increase in Poral and the smaller increase in VT. The former was explained by the RLD subjects' higher VE and flow rates, and the non-linear nature of R2 at higher flow rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1985

Spirometry reference values for nonexposed blue-collar workers.

Epidemiologic research into occupationally related lung disease often requires the comparison of a study population with an external reference group. To establish such a reference group, carefully selected blue-collar workers who had no obvious adverse occupational pulmonary exposure performed simple spirometry, were administered a standard questionnaire, and had standard chest roentgenograms taken. Prediction equations were established for six pulmonary function indices, and a method is given for using these equations to compare a study group with this external nonexposed group. Asymptomatic nonsmokers with negative roentgenograms were extracted from the overall group, and comparison with published data for other such normal groups indicated that the present group is similar to most of them, indicating that there are no serious biases in the present group.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An unusual case of multiple intracranial aneurysms.

A 49-year-old female patient with six intracranial aneurysms, all of which were treated successfully by direct surgery, is reported. She had a major subarachnoid haemorrhage 10 years ago. Because of difficulty in identifying the offending aneurysm she was not surgically treated at that time. The natural progression of intracranial aneurysms, the problem of identifying the lesion in a patient with multiple aneurysms, and an example of excellent recovery of visual function following surgical treatment are discussed.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed1979

[Multiple intracranial mycotic aneurysms. Case report].

The case of a 31 years old woman with multiple intracranial mycotic aneurysms in association with subacute bacterial endocarditis is reported. The authors discuss the clinical and pathological aspects of such lesions. The complete regression of all the aneurysms after antibiotic therapy favours an approach aiming at adequate control of the infection prior to any consideration of surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Scope of surgery for intracranial aneurysm in the elderly: a preliminary report.

Thirty-two elderly patients were reviewed six months to six years after intracranial surgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage. Out of 24 patients whose surgical outcome had been satisfactory, one had died from an unrelated illness and the remainder were well and leading normal lives. Eight patients had a poor outcome, which in some cases was due to factors other than age. In only three could a poor outcome be attributed to early surgery and advanced age. The results confirm that in at least three-quarters of patients aged 60-65 the risk of further haemorrhage can be removed by surgery without causing a major neurological deficit.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms.

Thirty-two cases of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms are reviewed. As with intracranial aneurysms in other positions they present mainly with subarachnoid haemorrhage but, in spite of their close proximity to the optic nerve, visual involvement is infrequent. They are more common in women, more frequent on the left side, and more prone to multiplicity. In cases of multiple aneurysms a carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm is usually an incidental finding. Detailed angiographic studies employing various projections are required before treatment can be planned. Yet angiography does not always disclose some of the technical difficulties that may be encountered during surgery. Different methods of treating these aneurysms are discussed and suggestions for safe direct surgery made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Pilot study of closing volume in byssinosis.

A study of the relative sensitivities of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMF), and closing volume (CV) in the detection of subjects with byssinosis was carried out in a North Carolina cotton mill. Altogether 35 workers participated in the study. Of these, nine showed a decline in FEV1 of 10% or more during the first work shift that followed the weekend break. Twelve subjects showed a decrease in MMF of 15% or more. In contrast only six workers exhibited a 10% increase in closing capacity, while ten showed a 10% increase in CV. Recent evidence of the magnitude of variability in closing volume manoeuvres suggests that our chosen level of change was too low, A 40% change in CV would have identified only five subjects. CV is a more complex manoeuvre for the subject being tested and for the technician to perform, is more time consuming, and is subject to greater variation. To have any advantage over spirometry, CV would have to be appreciably more sensitive. Our study suggests that it is not. However, the MMF may prove to be more sensitive than the FEV1 in the detection of byssinosis.

Byssinosis↗
PubMed1972

Extradural haemorrhage--a hazard of ventricular drainage.

Three cases of extradural haematoma during ventricular drainage are reported and the relevant literature has been reviewed. Aetiology, diagnosis, and management are discussed. Defective blood clotting is mentioned as a possible precipitating factor.

Adult↗