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Biomedical subjects

J Haot

Publications and source records attributed to J Haot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Localized amyloid tumor in small bowel.

We report a case of localized jejunal amyloidosis occurring in a 74-year-old man who experienced an episode of digestive bleeding while he was receiving oral anticoagulation. It illustrates a rare entity, characterized by an endoscopic aspect of polypoid, pseudotumoral formations. Histologically, submucosal connective tissues, muscularis mucosae, and blood vessel walls are massively infiltrated by amyloid, giving a typical red/green birefringence under polarized light.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Overexpression of 27-kDa heat shock protein relates to poor histological differentiation in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIMS: Various stress conditions such as heat, chemical and mechanical stresses are known to play a major role in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma development. Our goal was to evaluate whether changes in stress-induced 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) expression could be demonstrated during oesophageal carcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: HSP27 expression was studied using immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 21 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas occurring in smokers and/or alcohol abusers. Oesophagus from healthy patients (controls) (five), chemical (eight) and infectious oesophagitis (six) were also included in the study. In normal oesophagus, the protein is present only in the upper epithelial layers. In contrast, in chemical or infectious oesophagitis its expression is strong and occurs in all the epithelial layers including the basal layer. In non-tumoral oesophageal mucosa from smoking and/or drinking patients adjacent to invasive carcinoma, the distribution of the protein is patchy and irregular. In malignant areas, HSP27 protein expression increases drastically from dysplastic lesions to invasive carcinoma, being highest in the less differentiated areas. CONCLUSIONS: In human oesophagus, HSP27 expression is induced by various stresses but alcohol and tobacco generate focal perturbations in the stress response. Tumour immunoreactivity for this protein increases with the anaplasia of the tumour, as in some other tumours in which it is considered to play a role in drug resistance. To our knowledge, these data have not been previously described for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1999

Observer agreement on the grading of gastric atrophy.

AIMS: Assessment of lesser or doubtful degrees of gastric atrophy can be difficult, especially in the antrum, since well established criteria are lacking. At the Houston Working Party on Gastritis in 1994 a visual analogue scale was designed for the grading of histopathological parameters. This was done to promote uniformity in grading by acting as a reference. The purpose of the present study was to measure interobserver variation between pathologists familiar with the Houston visual analogue scale in a specifically selected set of biopsies from patients with lesser or doubtful degrees of atrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty cases with biopsies of the antrum and corpus from a long-term follow-up study on Helicobacter pylori gastritis comprised the current study material. The cases were selected from that study because there had been uncertainty or disagreement on the presence of gastric atrophy. The study set of haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) slides was circulated amongst gastrointestinal pathologists familiar with the visual analogue scale who were unaware of the source of the study set nor had any other clinical information. Interobserver variability was analysed using kappa statistics. The overall agreement for the grade of atrophy in antral biopsies was 0.461; the kappa value was 0.18 (95% confidence limits 0.12-0.24), which is considered poor agreement. The kappa value was nevertheless statistically significant (P < 0. 01). The overall agreement on the grade of atrophy in the corpus biopsies was apparently good (0.833), but the kappa which adjusts for chance agreement was only moderate (0.48; 95% confidence limits 0.42-0.55; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The studied series comprised a self-selected sample in which there was doubt about the grade of atrophy and such a sample will produce lower kappa values than a random sample of gastric biopsies. The results nevertheless confirm that better guidelines and firm criteria are needed to properly diagnose and grade gastric atrophy. It is suggested that the use of two grades, low- and high-grade atrophy, akin to that in use for grading inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD)- associated dysplasia, could improve agreement. Furthermore optimal biopsy quality with full thickness mucosa and proper orientation appears important for grading gastric atrophy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1999

Sporadic carcinoid of the stomach: a highly proliferative disease with a probable role for p53 protein dysregulation.

We describe here one case of sporadic carcinoid of the stomach, occurring in a 65-year-old man. It is a rare, recently recognized entity, with only few cases reported in the literature. We were able to detect strong MIB-1 and p53 expression in this tumour, with 86 and 80% of tumoral cells positive, respectively. These data suggest that gastric sporadic carcinoids are a highly proliferative entity probably induced by dysregulation of p53 function.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Cap polyposis: a rare syndrome].

We report a case of inflammatory cap polyposis of the colon, a rare syndrome, affecting the rectosigmoid. It was observed in a context of mucous diarrhea. Endoscopic and radiological features consisted of elevated and umbilicated nodular lesions. Histology revealed polypoid lesions containing elongated crypts with superficial abrasions, covered by inflammatory and fibrinoid material. Etiopathogenesis of this new syndrome is unknown.

Colon, Sigmoid↗
PubMed1997

Disseminated angiosarcoma presenting as a hemophagocytic syndrome in a renal allograft recipient.

A case of angiosarcoma arising in the setting of transplantation is reported. This rare and malignant tumor of the endothelial system is seldom observed in allograft recipients, with only seven cases having been previously reported. What is interesting about the present observation is that the tumor is thought to have developed in the vicinity of a Dacron graft and that it showed prominent erythrophagocyte-like activity. This activity was associated with a particular clinical syndrome that shared some attributes with infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Leukaemia and lymphoma of the appendix presenting as acute appendicitis or acute abdomen. Four case reports with a review of the literature.

Leukaemic and lymphomatous infiltration of the appendix is rare and even rarer is acute appendicitis as the initial manifestation. From our routine biopsy material we collected four cases of haematological malignancies presenting as acute appendicitis or acute abdomen, caused or accompanied by tumoral infiltration of the appendix. Appendicitis was the initial manifestation that allowed diagnosis of the underlying disease. The clinical histories and histological examinations of the appendices and of one autopsy are described. We report the first detailed description of acute myeloid leukaemia involving the appendix, and three cases of lymphomatous infiltration of the appendix presenting with appendicitis, and give an overview of the literature. In these days of budgetary cuts in national health services, where one may be tempted not to have seemingly commonplace cases of appendicitis histologically verified, our cases emphasize that careful histopathological examination of all appendectomy specimens should be mandatory. Despite the fact that leukaemia and lymphoma of the appendix are rare, our cases illustrate that these must be included in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and that physicians and surgeons have to be aware of these conditions.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1997

Possible mechanisms of action of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate on benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms: a neurohistochemical study.

PURPOSE: Transurethral needle ablation of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a rapid, anesthesia-free outpatient procedure using low level radiofrequency energy that produces coagulative necrosis lesions at temperatures of approximately 100C. Clinically, significant improvement in objective and subjective parameters has been observed in BPH patients. Transurethral needle ablation has also been shown to be effective in relieving urinary retention. However, the precise mechanism of action of this procedure remains to be clarified. Ablation could produce its action on the dynamic component of the infravesical outlet obstruction. We analyzed the possible effects of transurethral needle ablation on the intraprostatic innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histological sections from 10 open prostatectomy specimens (BPH) recovered 1 to 46 days after transurethral needle ablation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and an immunohistochemical technique, using antibodies against S100 proteins and nonspecific enolase as specific nerve markers, and against anti-prostate specific antigen and anti-desmin for glandular and muscle cells, respectively. We used 5 BPH specimens as controls. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of the treated areas showed necrotic lesions affecting epithelial and smooth muscle cells in the transition zone at a depth of 0.3 to 1.0 cm, from the preserved urethra. Nerve fibers in the control specimens and untreated prostatic areas were predominant in the urethral submucosal layer and in the stroma surrounding the epithelial nodules. No staining of any axon or isolated nerve cell was observed in any specimen treated by transurethral needle ablation, and there was a sharp and clear delineation between treated and untreated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated severe thermal damage to intraprostatic nerve fibers caused by transurethral needle ablation. A long-term denervation of alpha-receptors and/or sensory nerves could explain the clinical effects of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate. Theoretically, the best location to produce necrotic lesions should include submucosal and subcapsular nerve endings. Differences in the distribution of the adrenoreceptors and morphometry of the prostate transition zone could partly explain differences in clinical outcome observed after transurethral needle ablation of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences and Kaposi's sarcoma: relationship with epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and histologic features.

BACKGROUND: The evidence of an infectious agent other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acting as a possible etiologic cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has received considerable attention in the last years. Recently, DNA sequences from a new herpesvirus (HHV-8) have been observed in several cases of KS. The discovery suggests that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of KS. To evaluate these results, we determined the frequency of HHV-8 DNA sequences in 78 specimens of KS according to different epidemiologic origins (sporadic KS: 6, immunosuppressive drug-associated: 11, and AIDS-associated: 61), clinical forms (cutaneous: 69, mucocutaneous: 4 and visceral; 5) and histologic variants (early-patch: 40, late-plaque or nodular: 38). METHODS: We used the hot start polymerase chain reaction amplification method with KS330 primers specific for HHV-8 DNA. Tumoral or nontumoral skins and visceral specimens free of KS, originating from patients with KS positive for HHV-8 DNA sequences or from immunosuppressed patients without KS, served as controls. Normal skin from healthy HIV seronegative patients was also included. RESULTS: HHV-8 DNA sequences were found in 3 of the 6 sporadic KS (50%), in 5 of the 11 immunosuppressive drug-associated KS (45%), in 41 of the 61 AIDS-associated KS (67%), in 32 of the 69 cutaneous KS (46%), in 3 of the 4 mucocutaneous KS (75%) in 2 of the 5 systemic KS (40%), in 23 of the 40 early or patchstage KS (58%), in 30 of the 38 late plaque or nodular stages KS (79%). These sequences were also demonstrated in one sample of skin with scabies and in a glomerulonephritis lesion from two immunosuppressed patients with KS who were also positive for herpesvirus-like in their KS lesions. None of the other skin or visceral specimens, originating from healthy, AIDS, or transplanted patients without KS, were positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reinforce the hypothesis that HHV-8 is incriminated in different epidemiologic, clinical and histologic stages of KS and could contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumor. However, the presence of HHV-8 DNA sequences in skin and visceral samples free of KS from KS indicates that the virus is not restricted to the tumor tissue, and thus is able to disseminate in many organs of the target individual. Absence of the virus from healthy, AIDS, or transplanted patients without KS suggests that the viral Sequences either do not spread easily or do not easily maintain themselves in the human population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of anti-desmin and anti-actin staining for the computerized analysis of cavernous smooth muscle density.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the staining properties of anti-desmin and anti-actin in cavernous biopsies and thus determine the optimal antibody for quantifying intracavernous smooth muscle content in the evaluation of erectile dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two penile biopsies were taken from five normal potent patients, seven with venous leak and 10 with arterial disease, with mean ages of 34.4, 48.8 and 54.8 years, respectively. Biopsies were sectioned and successive sections stained immunohistochemically with antibodies for actin or desmin. Image analysis was used to quantify the proportion of smooth muscle fibres in the cavernous tissue. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (P = 0.0001) between the mean percentage of cavernous smooth muscle fibres in normal potent men, stained with anti-desmin (38.5%, SD 3.2) or anti-actin (45.2%, SD 3.2) and that in the venous group (anti-desmin 27.4%, SD 4.0%; anti-actin 34.2%, SD 5.3%) or the arteriogenic group (anti-desmin 23.7%, SD 4.4, anti-actin 28.9%, SD 4.9). There was no significant difference in the estimates with either staining method between the venogenic and arteriogenic patients. There was a direct relationship between the cavernous smooth muscle density estimated by anti-desmin and anti-actin staining (r = 0.96). CONCLUSION: The anti-actin and anti-desmin staining methods gave equivalent results for discriminating between normal and impotent patients on the basis of the percentage of cavernous muscle fibres. However, anti-actin staining tended to be more sensitive than anti-desmin.

Actins↗
PubMed1996

p53 Protein overexpression in verrucous carcinoma of the skin.

BACKGROUND: Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma which is characterized by a marked local aggressivity and a poor metastatic potential. Until now, little has been known about the oncogenic mechanisms of this tumor. Recently, extensive investigations have shown that p53 protein, a nuclear protein with oncogene-suppressing activity, may play a crucial role in cell transformation and immunoreactivity for this protein is found in a wide variety of cancers. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The aim of the present study is to examine the frequency of immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein by using two monoclonal antibodies (D07 and BP53-12) in 8 cases of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of verrucous skin carcinoma. RESULTS: Overexpression of p53 protein was detected in 6 (75%) of the cases examined with the D07 antibody and in 5 (62.5%) cases with BP53-12. The p53 positivity was shown in a peripheral distribution affecting mainly the basal cell layers of tumoral islands. CONCLUSION: In a high percentage of verrucous carcinoma, p53 immunoreactivity has not been previously described in the literature and our findings suggest that abnormal expression of p53 tumor suppressor protein is a common event in the pathogenesis of this tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A bizarre excrescence of the umbilicus in a 1-month-old child].

We report the case of an umbilical polyp, derived from omphalo-mesenteric remnants in an one-month-old female child. This rare abnormality results from a closure defect of the vitelline duct. The vitelline duct normally closes between the 5th and the 7th weeks of intra embryonic development but can lead to several pathologies in case of closure defects, giving rise to abdominal (Meckel diverticulum, vitelline cyst) or umbilical symptoms (umbilical fistula, umbilical sinus and umbilical polyp). These disorders have a 2% incidence, and may induce clinical symptoms of varied gravity ranging from clinical silence to acute abdomen. We seized the opportunity of this rare clinical observation to review the nosology of vitelline duct defects at the light of embryologic data.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen distribution in verrucous carcinoma of the skin.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the skin is a rare variety of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by aggressive local growth and a low metastatic potential. These tumours are known to have histological and virological features similar to classic warts or condylomata. The aim of the present study was to map the proliferative compartment in VC (n = 7) in comparison with warts (n = 10) and typical well-differentiated SCC (n = 10). The proliferating cells were detected by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using the commercially available anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody PC10. Normal epidermis served as a positive control and reference. In VC and warts, the PCNA-positive cells were principally located at the periphery of lesions, in the basal layer of the tumour islands. In some warts, however, stronger PCNA expressed was noted in the superficial layers, of the lesions corresponding to virus-infected keratinocytes (koilocytotic cells). In contrast, in SCC, PCNA-positive cells were randomly scattered throughout the tumours. Our findings suggest that, on the basis of mapping of PCNA distribution, VC resembles large warts or condylomata rather than typical SCC. Thus, VC appears to be a distinct clinical entity, intermediate between these two types of lesions, not only because of its clinical entity, intermediate between these two types of lesions, not only because of its clinical and virological features, but also with regard to its proliferative organization.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

[Is a single prostatic biopsy sufficient for selection of medical treatment in benign prostatic hypertrophy?].

Medical treatments in BPH (5-alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha-blockers) have been extensively studied in the last years, but their clinical outcome is unpredictible. Therefore, a better selection of the patients before prescribing these medical treatment of BPH is certainly needed. The variability in tissue composition in BPH may partially explain the differences observed in clinical outcome after medical therapy. In the present study, we have quantified the percentage of the different tissue components (smooth muscle, epithelial cells) in a prostatic biopsy and in the corresponding whole-adenoma in 14 patients operated on of a retropubic adenomectomy. Immunostaining with actin anti-actin was used to stain the smooth muscle cells and with anti-PSA for the epithelial cells components. Quantification was made using a computerized image analysis system. Our results indicates that a statistically significative difference in the percentage of smooth muscle cells (p < 0.02) exists when comparing a single biopsy and the corresponding adenomas. In contrast, no difference was found in the percentage of epithelial cells, nor for the glandular acini between a single biopsy and the entire adenoma (paired t-test). Using a multivariate matrix, a statistically significative correlation was found between the percentage of smooth muscle cells in the biopsies and the prostatic adenomas in toto. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that major differences in the percentage of the different tissue components exist between different prostatic adenomas. A single prostatic biopsy could help in selecting patients prior to medical therapy for BPH.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1995

Stereotactic biopsies from astrocytic tumors. Diagnostic information contributed by the quantitative chromatin pattern description.

OBJECTIVE: To reduce the problem of heterogeneity in astrocytic tumors by means of computer-assisted microscope analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-eight glial tumors for which we obtained 227 stereotactic biopsies were subjected to digital cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. This series of 38 glial tumors included 36 supratentorial astrocytic tumors (13 astrocytomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas and 16 glioblastoma multiformes) and 2 grade 3 astrocytic tumors of the cerebellum. RESULTS: The results suggest a new methodology, enabling the biologic characteristics of the brain parenchymal area surrounding a given glial tumor to be characterized. This methodology relies on the performance of three successive steps. The first is quantitative characterization of nuclear morphology and its chromatin pattern by means of 15 morphonuclear variables. This characterization is carried out by means of the computer-assisted microscope analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. The second step consists of setting up morphonuclear data banks, with each process giving the precise portrait of a given cell nuclear population. This process is carried out by means of multivariate analysis, taking into account the 15 variables mentioned above. Multivariate analysis includes principal components analysis followed by the canonical transformation of the data. The third step consists of testing unknown cases against these morphonuclear data banks. This is carried out by means of linear discriminant analysis, which enables the various cell nuclear types in the stereotactic biopsy to be quantified. CONCLUSION: The present methodology makes it possible to investigate whether infiltrating tumor cells are present in or absent from the parenchymal brain area surrounding a glial tumor. It can therefore contribute additional information to that contributed by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging with respect to the precise delineation of the volume of a brain tumor. This delineation must be as precise as possible to allow total surgical resection of the tumor and prevention of its recurrence.

Astrocytoma↗